Index. 



2.S7 



Underground stems, 7S. 



Unhealed wounds introduce decay, 



245. 

 Unisexual flowers, 100. 

 Unpacking plants, 231. 



Variability of offspring of crosses 

 and hybrids, 20; of plants, 260. 



Variation, and heredity, 16; how 

 can we produce, 2i)2; may take 

 plate in any direction, 17; pro- 

 duced by crossing, 268; produced 

 by culture, 2(j2; produced by grow- 

 ing seedlings, 262. 



Variations, how to fix desirable, 260; 

 not always permanent, 260. 



Varieties, 18; origin of cultivated, 

 259. 



Vascular bundles defined, 51. 



Vegetables, cracks in, caused by 

 excessive moisture, i;36. 



Ventilation, hotbeds require care 

 in, 69; soil needs, 6.S. 



A'eneer grafting, 219. 



Vigor defined, 12; of phintlet pro- 

 portionate to size of seed, 38; ten- 

 dencies of reduced, 13. 



Vital part of woody stems, 55. 



Warmth essential to germination, 

 25. 



Washing the roots of puddled 

 plants, 231. 



Water, adequate supply of most 

 important, 4.1; excess of, retards 

 germination, 29; excessive in soil 

 destroys roots, 133; force causing 

 to rise in stems, 60; insuflScient, 

 how affecting plants. 137; manur- 

 ing increases capacity of soil for, 

 45; of plants almost wholly ab- 

 sorbed by rootrhairs, 46; only 



Water- 

 youngest roots absorb, 72; plants 

 contain large amounts of, 57; 

 root-hairs absorb, with force, 72; 

 seeds absorb, t.)\' contact. 22. 



Water-sprouts on fruit trees, 135. 



Water supply, unfavorable, the 

 plant as affected by, 1.33. 



Watering, excessive, may produce 

 a dropsical condition, 135; copious, 

 at intervals preferable to frequent 

 slight watering, 134; injudicious, 

 133; of potted plants, 69; recently- 

 transplanted plants, 240. 



Weeds, 178; annual, biennial and 

 perennial, 17it; cause deficient 

 light in low-growing crops, 14;^; 

 how destroyed, 63; plants as af- 

 fected by, 178 



Wet-bulb depression, 12!). 



Whip-grafting, 214, 



White grubs, 157. 



White hellebore, 1.59. 



Whole-root grafts, 216. 



Wind breaks, 126. 



Wind,excessive, effect of, on plants, 

 144; insuflfleient, effect on the 

 plant, 145; insufficient, promotes 

 damage from frost, 145: insuflS- 

 cient, promotes development of 

 fungous parasites, 145; tends to 

 avert frost, lyO; unfavorable, how 

 affecting the plant, 144. 



Wood ashes, 152. 



Woodchucks, damage from, 155. 



Wood, darkening of, 121. 



Wood, maturity of, favored by a 

 dry soil, 124; by pinching termi- 

 nal buds, 124; indicated by leaf 

 fall, 111. 



Wounds, healing of, .35; unhealed, 

 introduce decay, 215. 



