324 STRUCTUEE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS 



patagial fan, a fact justly emphasised by Foebes ' in dis- 

 criminating from the rails the somewhat rail-like Parra. 

 In some (e.g. Ocydromus Earlei, Aramides) the tendon of 

 the tensor brevis does not run over the arm to the ulnar 

 side, but in others (e.g. Grex) it does. 



The anconcBus has a humeral attachment. 

 FuEBRiNGBB figures in Porphyria an interesting con- 

 dition of the biceps and of the biceps slip. The biceps slip 

 arises by a tendinous head close to, but apparently inde- 

 pendently of, the humeral head of the biceps. Close to the 

 coracoidal head of the biceps springs a ligament which is 

 inserted on to the humerus just in front of the origin of the 

 humeral head. This ligament seems to be a detached 

 portion of the biceps, since in the Steganopodes (q.v. ; cf. 

 also FtJBBEiNGBE, pi. xxvi.) it is perfectly continuous with 

 the biceps. 



In the leg both peroneals are present, with the usual 

 insertions. 



The deep flexor tendons are often of. No. I. type. But 

 in Aramides there is a modification of this in the shape 

 of a second vinculum, attached partly to the tendon just 

 before its trifurcation and partly to the special tendon of 

 digit II. In Ocydromus Earlei the second vinculum is also 

 present, but feebler, not having the second attachment to 

 the flexor of digit II. 



The syrinx in the rails is of a quite typical tracheo- 

 bronchial form, except for the fact that the intrinsic muscles, 

 are attached rather far down the bronchi — to the fourth 

 bronchial semi-rings in Ocydromus, Aramides, and some 

 others. In Ocydromus sylvestris none of the tracheal rings 

 are fused ; the first two bronchial semi-rings are ossified, 

 and there is an ossified pessulus. In Aramides the last 

 three tracheal rings are partly fused ; the last two of these 

 and the first two bronchial semi-rings are ossified ; there is 

 no ossified pessulus. In Fulica {ardesiaca and leucoptera) 

 the bronchidesmus, which is incomplete, is at first strengthened 



' 'Notes on the Anatomy and Systematic Position of the Japanas,' P. Z. S. 

 1981,p. 639. 



