OTIDES 333 



region. The caeca of Eupodotis Denhami appear to be much 

 the same. 



In Eupodotis australis the caeca are not dilated only in 

 the middle, as are those of Otis tarda, but for the apical 

 eleven or twelve inches or so. The dilated region is lined 

 with irregular folds. E. 'Denhami agrees with 0. tarda. The 

 liver lobes are equal, or (Tetrax) the right is the larger. A 

 gall bladder is present. 



The bustards (at any rate Eupodotis Denhami) are remark- 

 able for possessing a rudimentary penis, as does the perhaps 

 nearly allied (Edicnemus. It is a short blunt cone, grooved 

 above, with a row of glandular pores on each side below. 

 Internally there are two oval spongy bodies, attached to 

 anterior part of sphincter muscle, and external to these on 

 each side are retractor muscles, attached to back of cloaca. 



The bustards have a tracheo-bronchial syrinx, but the 

 intrinsic muscles are either absent or, if present, are but 

 feebly developed. 



Eupodotis australis has perhaps the least modified 

 syrinx. The first two or three bronchial semi-rings seem 

 really to belong to the tracheal series, on account of their 

 greater depth and slighter dividing membranous intervals 

 than those which follow. The intrinsic muscles are reduced 

 to a narrow ligament, fanning out somewhat below. 



In E. kori the ligament representing the intrinsic muscle 

 of each side is even feebler, and in E. Denhami it has abso- 

 lutely vanished. 



In all the above species the rings and semi-rings preserve 

 their independence, and are not fused, except one or two 

 ventrally to form the pessulus, which is strong and ossi- 

 fied. 



In Otis, on the other hand, the pessulus is slender and 

 cartilaginous, being formed by one ring only. There are no 

 traces of intrinsic muscles. 



The genus Houbara has a rather peculiar syrinx, which, 

 however, like the last, is without intrinsic muscles. It is 

 compressed from side to side just before the bifurcation. 

 But the ' waist,' thus formed does not correspond to the 



