LIiMICOLJS 341 



than that of other Limicolae, and the ilia are rather further 

 apart. In OEdicnemus bistriatus, but not in CE. grallarius, 

 the ischium has a well-marked pubic process, which reaches 

 the pubis. 



As to the muscular anatomy, there is great uniformity in 

 the tensores patagii of this group. Charadrius pluvialis 

 may serve as a type. In that bird there is a biceps slip ; the 

 tensor brevis early divides into two, of which the anterior is 

 again divided not far from its ending ; a recurrent slip runs 

 to the longus. 



The same disposition of tendons is found in Glareola, 

 Numenius, Scolopax, Himantopus, Vanellus, Machetes, Parr a, 

 Becurvirostra, Tetanus, Limosa, the only differences being 

 that in some (e.g. Parra jacana) the middle only of the three 

 tendons which are inserted upon the fore arm is continued 

 over the muscles of the fore arm to the lower border of the 

 ulna, while in others (e.g. Numenius) both the principal 

 tendons are thus continued. In Glareola the middle and 

 wristward tendons are thus continued. 



Vanellus cristatus has been recorded with two separate 

 biceps slips, which both run to the tendon of the longus. In 

 Tringa canutus I found a second biceps slip, largely but not 

 ■entirely tendinous, which is attached to the outer of the two 

 main tendons of the tensor brevis, this latter tendon indeed 

 only dividing into two near its insertion on to the ulna. 



In Gallinago the recurrent slip connecting the two 

 tensores seems to be absent. 



In Gambetta flavipes Gareod found no biceps slip at 

 all, and it seems also to be absent in Metopidius afri- 

 canus} 



Thinocorus rumicivorus has the typical pluvialine arrange- 

 ment of the tensores tendons that has been already described, 

 but the biceps slip is remarkable for the fact that it has a 

 tendinous band running along it. The characters of the 

 tensores patagii in this group are fairly distinctive and at 

 any rate serve to distinguish the Limicolae from the Ralli, 

 They do not, however, permit of the enforcement of any 

 ' FoEBES, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 



