374 STRUCTUKE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS 



The muscle formula of the leg is BXY + , as in bustards. 

 The accessory femoro-caudal muscle (of Chunga) is peculiar 

 in that it becomes rediiced in the middle to a thin tendon, 

 being muscular at both extremities. Both peroneals are 

 present. 



The tensores paiagii spring from a single muscle. There 

 is no biceps slip, another point of likeness to bustards. The 

 brevis tendon spreads out into a broad aponeurosis, but there 

 is no patagial fan. The anconaus has a humeral head. 

 The intestinal measurements of the two birds are as 

 follows : — 



Gariama cristata. Chunga Burmeisteri. 

 Small intestines, 33 inches. 33 inches. 



Large intestine, 3 „ 3"5 „ 



Caeca, 8"75 „ 8-5 and 10"5 inches. 



The family PsopMidse is represented by the single South 

 American genus Psophia, including some four species. 

 These birds have the outer aspect of a rail rather than of a 

 crane, and Pabkee has commented upon their ' phasianine ' 

 expression of face. Nevertheless their nearest alliance 

 seems to be with the crane tribe, and perhaps more 

 especially with Cariama. 



The pterylosis has been described and figured by Nitzsch. 

 There are apparently ten rectrices (not twelve, as Nitzsch 

 stated), and the oil gland, as in Grus, is tufted. The dorsal 

 tract is single on the neck and forms a strong bifurcation 

 between the shoulders ; from the two ends of the fork a 

 single row of feathers descend and unite to form a weakly 

 feathered but -widish posterior part of the dorsal tract. The 

 ventral tract bifurcates early in the neck, and each in the 

 pectoral region gives off a strong band on the outside ; the 

 main portion of each tract is continued on to the cloaca by 



' Beitrage z. Naturgeschichte der Seriema,' Abhandl. nat. Oes. Halle, i. (1854), p. 

 17 ; the viscera also by Gadow, J. f. 0. xxiv. (1876), p. 445, and by Martin, 

 P. Z. S. 1836, p. 29. See also Bbddabd, ' On the Anatomy of Burmeister's 

 Cariama,' P. Z. S. 1889, p. 594, and literature there quoted. 



