GRUES 375 



a very narrow band of feathers, which is only one feather 

 wide to begin with, and afterwards only two feathers wide. 



The tensor patagii muscles are distinctly gtuine ; the 

 biceps slip is present. 



In the hind limb the muscle formula is BXY + , as in 

 Gariama and the bustards. 



The syrinx, shown in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 

 381), presents no remarkable features. It is quite typically 

 tracheo-bronchial, and has, as will be observed, an incom- 

 plete bronchidesmus. It has been stated 

 (by Trail) that the windpipe communicates 

 with an air space, apparently after the fashion 

 of the emu. But there is no doubt that this 

 statement was based upon some imperfection 

 of the example studied. It has been also 

 stated that the windpipe in the male is con- 

 voluted ; this requires confirmation also. 



The shull of Psophia ' is schizognathous ^m i83 — Sybinx 

 and holorhinal (fig. 81, p. 143). As Parker of Psop/iia leu- 

 first observed, the orbital margin is furnished :^cdabd). 

 with about five smallish supra-orbital bones, 

 a feature which reminds us of certain archaic birds, as the 

 tinamous, Arboricola, and Menura. The lacrymal has a de- 

 scending process, which is swollen and nearly comes into 

 contact with the ectethmoid. The maxillo-palatines are 

 comparatively large and swollen bones ; as in Gariama 

 these bones are convex on the outer side, and not concave — 

 as in Grus. There are no occipital foramina. It may be 

 remarked that the holorhinal nostrils of this bird show no 

 such approach to schizorhiny as is displayed by Ghunga. 



From the anterior part of the maxillo-palatines, on a 

 level with a point just in front of the commencement of the 

 bony nostrils, a stoutish knob of bone ^ projects inwards on 

 either side. Of this there are traces in the cranes, parti- 

 cularly in Tetrapteryx. If these processes were to be 

 increased in size and to meet a bony internasal septum, we 



' F. E. Beddakd, 'On the Structure of Psophia,' &o., P. Z. S. 1890, p. 329. 

 ' Duly referred to by Pakkek, ' Osteology of the Kagu,' Tr. Z. 8. vi. p. 507. 



