504 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS 



fundus arise from ribs, the latter from only one, the former 

 from three. 



The biceps apparently arises like that of Bhea. 



In the leg the amhiens and the femorocaudal are wanting, 

 the formula being, therefore, BXY — . All the gluteals are 

 present, and the first covers the biceps. The accessory 

 femorocaudal is very large, but it does not appear to. 

 possess the struthious accessory muscle. 



The muscles of the wing of Apteryx are, of course, de- 

 scribed by Owen in his account of the anatomy of the bird. 

 But a fuller and later description, with illustrations, is t& 

 be found in T. J. Pabker's paper upon Apteryx, and in 

 Fdebeinger. 



There is no rhomboideus profundus. The serratus super- 

 ficialis is one muscle arising from the first two cervical ribs ; 

 it has the pars metapatagialis wanting in the other ratites. 

 There is also apectoralis abdominalis wanting elsewhere, but 

 no latiss. dorsi anterior. The latiss. dorsi metapatagialis is. 

 well developed. 



The muscles running from the shoulder girdle to the- 

 humerus are reduced to six ; these are the two pectorals, the 

 deltoides (single), the teres major, the coraco-brachialis longus,. 

 and the c. br. brevis. 



The biceps is single-headed, arising from the coracoid ; it 

 has long tendons at each end and a small belly in the middle ; 

 it is inserted only on to the radius. The anconceus longus 

 fuses early with the single-headed triceps. 



As might be expected from the presence of but a single 

 finger, the muscles of the hand are much reduced. Perhaps 

 the most noteworthy peculiarity is the presence of the gallina- 

 ceous and tinamine muscle, the entepicondylo-uhiaris.. 

 There is a peculiar accessory brachialis anticus, seemingly 

 only met with in Apteryx. The remaining ten muscles are 

 brachialis anticus, ectepicondylo-ulnaris, ectepicondylo- 

 radialis, pronator (? sublimis or profundus), extensor meta- 

 carpi ulnaris, extensor indicis longus, with one head from 

 contiguous surfaces of radius and ulna inserted in ^. awsfraZis 

 on to carpo-metacarpus, in A. Bulleri on to base of distal 



