STRUTHIONES 521 



indicated by a thinning of the bone. The rudiments of 

 tuberosities for the attachment of the missing furcula are 

 often fairly evident. The coraco-scapular angle oscillated 

 between 160 and 122. There is a supracoracoid foramen. 



In the pelvis there is no fusion between ilium, ischium, 

 and pubis. The pectineal process is long and appears to be 

 ossified equally by pubis and ilium. In the skeleton of the 

 adult foot two of the tarsals are present as free bones not 

 fused with either the tibia or the metatarsus ; these are, 

 according to T. J. Pabkee, two centralia. 



The bones of the wing in the struthious birds are espe- 

 cially reduced in the emu, cassowary, and Apteryx. - 



The wing of the adult emu (Dromceus ater) has been 

 figured and described by Paekbe. There is no trace of a 

 separate carpus either in young or adult. In a six- weeks-old 

 chick' the first metacarpal is half the length of the second, 

 but in the adult it is reduced to a small prominence not a 

 third of its length. There is no trace of a third metacarpal. 

 The single finger (the index) has three phalanges and a long 

 strong claw. ' The wings of an adult are about the size of 

 those of a jay or a bower bird ; in the young chick, with legs 

 the size of those of a turkey, the wings are no longer than a 

 wren's.' 



In Apteryx the wing is in some respects further reduced 

 than that of the emu ; in others less so. In the adult A. 

 australis (T. J. Paekee) there are no distinct carpals, but a 

 broad flattened carpo-metacarpus, with traces of being com- 

 posed of three metacarpals. There are sometimes two and 

 sometimes three phalanges— the last clawed — to the single 

 finger (index) ; where one is atrophied it is the second. In 

 A. Oweni there appears to be invariably a distinct radiale ; 

 the third metacarpal is more distinct than in the last species, 

 and in one case was entirely free. The clawed index has 

 two or three phalanges. The single example of A. Haasti 

 which Paekee examined had an ulnare as well as a radiale 

 in the carpus, a fairly distinct metacarpale III., and three 

 phalanges to the index. 



In A. Bulleri the manus shows much greater variations ; 



