lUJIILIAR GAltDEy FLOIVEES, 



occasion for suspectiug plants that exude a milky juice, and tlie campanulas 

 come into the suspicious category, for they are acrid and of but small 

 importance in relation to the food of man. The rampion, that is valued in 

 some degree as a salad plant, is a true campanula, and a few roots and fruits 

 of campanulaceous plants are eaten in places where the natives are not 

 particular about theii' salads and side-dishes. But the best we can get out of 

 them is their beauty, which for the present appears to be sufficient to insure 

 them abundant respect and universal cultivation. The campanulas are all 

 herbs and uudershrubs ; there are no trees in the order. The flowers present 

 a series of constant characteristics, so that when presenting considerable 

 variation for our amusement they are still very much alike. They are bell- 

 shaped or tazza-shaped ; they are blue, or pur|3le, or white ; they have each 

 but one corolla piece, and that is cut into live lobes, the calyx also being five- 

 lobed. The rarity of a yellow flower in this order need not be insisted on ; 

 even red flowers are scarce, and scarlet out of the question. De CandoUe 

 considers the campanulas and lobeUas to be closely allied, but the first are 

 distinguished hj their regularity in form and symmetry in the number of 

 parts. To the casual observer, the occurrence of brilliant scarlet flowers in 

 the lobelia famil}^ places it far apart from the campanula family. p. 12o. 



TULIP, from tifVijji'it, Tm-kish for turban. N.O., Liluu-cr. Linnj^at^j-. 



G, llr.rtiHfJriii : 1, -7/"y/'"'///;;(''(/.^See summary under " Lilium." p. 129. 



CAMELLIA. Xnmed after Camellas, a Moravian missionary. 

 N-O., Thriirh. Lixx.ean: \Q, MoitadeJ phla ; 8, /Wyrtz/fZ/vV/.— The theads, or 



tea-plant famil}', are usually headed Tmifitrumiaceai, after M. Temsti'om, a 

 Swedish botanist, but there appears to be more comfort in recognising them 

 as the family that provides us with our tea. They are all trees or shrubs, 

 with alternate, coriaceous leaves, usually undivided. The flowers are sym- 

 metrical in there aspects, but unsj^mmetrical iu the numbers of their several 

 parts, as there are five to seven sepals and five to nine petals, and stamens of 

 indefiuite number. The fruit is a capsule ; in the camellia it is like a small 

 apple, and contains many oily seeds. The tea-plant, Thea, is closely allied 

 to the camellia, and as a matter of fact the leaves of our familiar favourite 

 contain a certain quantity of thein and might be made available for tea. 

 But the beauty of the camellia is sufficient for its fame. p. 133. 



HONESTT, or LTJNARIA. The first name is commented ou 

 in the description ; the second refers to the moon-shaped seed-pods. X.O., 

 Crucrfers, ox Braa.'iiciiccfC. Linn.^an : 1-3, 7('^Y/r/////'///;/V/. — The brassicaceous 

 plants have the merit of distinctness, being cruciferous or four-divided in 

 their flowers, and they agree pretty closely iu properties, being mostly 

 wholesome, pungent, and highly charged \nth compounds of sulphur, a 

 circumstance that accounts for the offensive odour they engender in the 

 process of decay. They are all herbaceous or sub-shrubby f there are no 

 trees in the order. The leaves are alternate, the flowers without bracts, the 

 stamens six, sepals four, the petals four, stigmas two, the fruit a silicule or 

 silique. It is a remarkably natural order, definitely circumscribed, and of 

 great importance in its uses and relations. In tlie colouring of tiie flowers 

 white and yellow j^redomiuate, but shades of red and purple occur as iu 

 stocks, honesty, candytufts, and aubrietias. The number of the stamens 

 constitutes a curiosity in this familj^, and their dL-p-j-^itiou is equally curious. 

 The symmetry that prevails so generally iu the several I organs of fructific*^- 

 tion is here strangely to be seen, for the stamens should number four or 

 eight and be regularly disposed in relation to the sepals and petals, neither 

 of which is the case. Lindley is inclined to account for the apparent 



