COLUMXA VERTEBRALIS. 109 



the sacrum, form the pelvis, a complete circle of tone, or rather a 

 short tube."— Flower, A, 284. 



Pre, trans.. Processus transversus. — Transverse process or 

 diapophysis of the 7th lumbar vertebra. 



§ 458. Sacrum, az. — " The portion of the vertebral column to 

 which the pelvic girdle is attached." It is composed of three ver- 

 tebrae, which in adult life are more or less completely consolidated. 



In an immature cat which would show well the lines of demar- 

 cation between the bones forming the Os innominatum, the sacral 

 vertebrae would be but partly coossified. 



§ 459. Symphysis pubis, az. — This is the linear articulation 

 {ampMariJirodial) between the ventral aspects of the two innomi- 

 nate bones. Its cephalic three fourths is formed by the Os pubis 

 and the caudal fourth by the ischium. In fully adult animals the 

 symphysis usually becomes anchylosed. 



Vert. (Vertebra) lumbalis. — The last or 7th lumbar vertebra 

 (Fig. 55). 



Vertebrae caudales, az. — Tail vertebrae. — ^These follow imme- 

 diately after the sacrum (Fig. 30). 



§ 460. In addition to tlie parts named above, tlie following should be mentioned : — 



A. The llio-peetineai Line and Eminence. — Neither are shown in Straus-Durckheim's 

 figure, from which this was copied. Both should show on the right side, however. The 

 line extends from the ilio-sacral articulation to the most prominent part of the pubis. 

 Opposite the cephalic edge of the acetabulum the line presents an eminence which is at or 

 very near the junction of the ilium and pubis. 



B. T7ie Tuberosity of the Ischium. — This is the most prominent thickened part of the 

 ischium. It forms the extreme dorso-caudal part of the whole pelvis. It is upon this part 

 the cat rests when sitting on her haunches. 



COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS. 



References.— Straus-Durckheim, A, 458 ; Quain, A, I, 9, 35 ; Gray, A, 133 ; Hum- 

 phrey, A, 113 ; Milne-Edwards, A, X, 335 ; Leyh, A, 153 ; Chauveau, A, 19 ; Owen, A, 

 II, 488 ; Oweu, 231 ; Cuvier, A, I, 170 ; Flower, A, 10 ; Mivart, 3 and 24 ; Maclise, 

 A, 633 ; Cleland, 7 and 13 ; Wilder, 10. 



§ 461. The Columna vertebralis, spine, vertebral or spinal col- 

 umn, consists of a series of osseous segments called vertebrae, arranged 

 in close connection with each other and forming the bony axis of the 

 body. It is nearer the dorsal than the ventral aspect in the cat 

 and in most other Vertebrates. Its position and curves are shown 

 in Fig. 30. It is prolonged caudad beyond the trunk to form the 



