252 ANATOMICAL TECHNOLOGY. 



insertion is well defined, but the dorsal margin is in contact with 

 the area of insertion of the proximal division of the internal head of 

 the triceps, and sometimes fasciculi cross from one muscle to the 

 other. 



The long head is more often absent than present : it is not men- 

 tioned by Mivart, and its existence in the cat is denied by Meckel 

 (A, VI, 281). Of the cases observed by us, no two were alike. The 

 fleshy portion usually leaves the short head at about its middle, 

 and is 2-3 cm. long. Its tendinous continuation is sometimes fila- 

 mentary and disappears among the intermuscular fascia ; some- 

 times it is larger and divides, one portion joining the tendon of the 

 epitrocTilearis and the other inserting upon the humerus near the 

 Fm. epitrochleare ; more often this last is tbe only attachment, but 

 the precise point varies so much that the area which was observed 

 in one case is indicated on Fig. 71 by an interrogation point. 



M. SUBSOAPULARIS. 



§ 670. Synonymy. — Tlie human subscapularis, G., A, 404, Q., A, I, 203 ; " soiis-sca/p- 

 vZaire," S.-D., A, II, 345 ; " sous-scapulaire," Ch., A, 366 ; svJbecapidaris, Ch. (Fl.), A, 352 j 

 subscapularis, Miv., B, 148. 



Figures. — Bntal aspect (73, 75) ; origin area (43) ; insertion area (70, 71). 



Posture. — The same as for the coracoideus. The muscle is 

 already fully exposed. 



General Description.— Thick, subtriangular, from most of the 

 subscapular fossa of the scapula to the trocMn of the humerus. 



Dissection. — In addition to the loose fascia previously removed, 

 the free surface of the subscapularis is covered by a firmer fascia 

 which, in places, adheres to the muscle. Complete the removal of 

 connective tissue and fat from the triangular intervals near the gle- 

 noid ends of the glenoid and coracoid borders of the muscle, and 

 between them and the supraspinatus and teres respectively. Note 

 that the coracoid interval is twice the length of the other, and 

 extends about two fifths of the length of the muscle. 



Manipulate the muscle so as to indicate the direction of the fas- 

 ciculi, and note that the central portion of the muscle is hidden near 

 the glenoid end of the scapula by the converging glenoid and cora- 

 coid portions. 



Transect the muscle to the bone by an incision connecting the 

 two borders at the apices of the intervals above mentioned ; bisect 

 the vertebral end of the muscle and reflect the two sides, noting the 



