THE UBOCrST OS BLADDER. 395 



Tjrane like the mesentery will be seen between it and the ventrime- 

 son, the Ugamentum suspensorium. It is formed of a duplicature 

 of peritoneum, and in young animals there may "be seen between 

 its two layers the remnants of the hypogastric arteries and of the 

 urachus (Gray, A 812 ; Quain, A, II, 800). 



B. Ligamentum laterale. — In addition to the suspensory liga- 

 ment, one having the same general appearance will be seen on each 

 side. 



C. Germx urocystis — Neck of the urinary bladder. — Draw the 

 urocyst caudad and its fixed point will be seen to grow narrow. 

 This narrow part is the neck, and its continuation to the exterior is 

 called the urethra or excretory canal of the bladder. The ureters 

 penetrate the urocyst on each side of the neck ; their course through 

 the wall is quite oblique, as may be demonstrated by passing a 

 bristle from the ureter into the bladder. 



§ 758. Obvious Structure of the Urocyst. — Cut a slit in the urinary bladder to allow the 

 urine to escape, then cut out a piece about 2 cm. square. Einse it with water or normal 

 salt solution. There may be demonstrated a structure somewhat comparable to that of 

 the stomach : — (A) An ectal serous (peritoneal) coat. (B) An intermediate firm or museu- 

 iar coat. {C,\ An ental soft or mucous coat. The muscular and mucous coats are, how- 

 ever, more closely united than in the stomach. 



§ 759. Microscopic Structure. — (A) Serous (peritoneal) coat. (B) Muscular (unstriped) 

 coat : — (1) Longitudinal layer ; (3) circular layer ; (3) longitudinal layer. The three layers 

 are arranged somewhat in the form of a figure of — 8. (C) Submucosa of loose connective 

 tissue. (D) Mucous coat covered with stratified epithelium. See Strieker, A, 487 ; Quain, 

 A, II, 433. 



§ 760. Adrenale — Capsula renalis, capsula suprarenalis. — Turn 

 the stomach and intestines to the right. About 2 cm. meso-cephalad 

 of the kidney will appear a pinkish, oval body about 2 cm. long 

 and 1 cm. wide. Its caudal end is usually in contact with the Y. 

 renalis and its ventral surface is crossed by the Y. adreno-lumbalis 

 (Pig. 101, adrn.). 



The right adrenal is in about the same position with respect to 

 the right kidney ; but as the Y. cava and part of the liver are on its 

 ventral surface, it is not so easily demonstrated as the left. 



Both adrenals are covered on their ventral surface by perito- 

 neum. Neither of them is in contact with the kidney. In this 

 respect they differ from their human homologues. 



§ 761. Uterus— Womb (§ 723).— If the cat is a female, there will 

 appear between the rectum and the urocyst a mesal organ, the 

 uterus, having the same general color and appearance as the intes- 



