18 VIOLACEAE. 



cordate-reniform or ovate, crenate; flowers blue, purple, white or inter- 

 mediate. Moist low woodlands; April-June; common. (V. oblUpia Hill. V. 

 communis- Pollard.) 



V, palmata L. Hand-leaved V. Pubescent to glabrous; leaves cordate, 

 palmately to hastatel y-lobed, middle lobe the longest; lobes ovate to linear; 

 flowers blue, pale, or whitish. Moist or dry sterile soil; April-May; frequent; 

 Scott, Muscatine, Henry, Appanoose, Decatur, Fremont, and Story counties. 

 V. pedatifida Don. Prairie V. Leaves 5-7-parted, divisions 2-3-eleft; 

 lobes linear, obtuse; flowers blue. Prairies; April-May; common. 



V. sagittata Ait. Arrow-leaved V. Smooth or somewhat pubescent: leaves 

 on short margined petioles, or on long naked ones, ovate to oblong-ovate or 

 lanceolate, denticulate, frequently cut-toothed near the sagittate base. Dry 

 or moist grassy places; April-May; Muscatine and Johnson counties, 

 reported from Fayette, Scott, and Henry counties. Forms of this and of the 

 first two are with difficulty distinguished. 



t t Lateral petal* not bearded. 

 V. pedata L. Blrd's-foot V. Leaves 3-5-divided, divisions 2-3-lobed, fre- 

 quently toothed at the apes; flowers large, an inch across, deep purple to 

 blue, the two upper petals sometimes dark purple. Prairies and open upland 

 woods; April-June; frequent; Wioueshiek, Fayette, Scott, Muscatine, Henry, 

 Johnson, Decatur, Polk, Story, and Calhoun counties. 



* * Stemless plants, with long, filiform creeping rootstoclss and white flowers. 

 V. blanda Willd. Sweet While V. Leaves cordate or reniform, usually 

 glabrous; flowers faintly sweet scented; petals usually beardless. Meadows; 

 May; rare; Reported from Fayette, Scott, and Muscatine counties. 



V. lanceolata L. Lance-leaved V. Plant glabrous; stolons extensive, 

 rooting- at the nodes and bearing apetalous flowers; leaves lanceolate, erect, 

 obtuse, tapering into a long margined petiole, obscurely crenate; petals 

 beardless. Damp soil, local; June; Cedar river region, Muscatine county. 



V. primulaefoiia L. Primrose-leaved V. GlabrcTus to pubescent; leaves 

 oval or ovate, blade decurrent on the petiole or frequently cordate at the 

 base; sepals lanceolate, acuminate; petals often acute; lateral usually 

 slightly bearded. Damp soil, local; June; Cedar river region, Muscatine 

 county. 



* * * Rootsti icks short and- thick: leafij-stcnimed plants. 

 V. pubescsris Ait. Downy Yellow V. Soft pubescent; leaves broadly 

 ovate or reniform, base cordate, obtusely toothed and pointed; stipules large 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or somewhat toothed; flowers yellow, lower 

 petals purple-veined, spur short; stigma beakless, pubescent. Rich woods; 

 May; common throughout. 



V. canadensis L. Canada V. Stem 4-16 inches high; leaves broadly ovate, 

 cordate, serrate, acute or pointed; flowers whitish, upper petals pm-ple- 

 tinged, the lateral bearded. First found at Decorah, Winneshiek county, 

 with small pink flowers and beardless petals (Arthur). Also reported from 

 Woodbury county by Prof. Pammel. Found by the writer in Winneshiek and 

 Allamakee counties, in damp woods; June-July; infrequent. 



* * * * Rootstocks annual, biennial, or perennial; leafy throughout; stipules 

 large, fuliaucnun, hjratc-pinnatifid. 



V. tricolor L. Pansy, Heart' s-ease. Stem angled and branched, leafy; 

 leaves oval or heart-shaped, crenate or entire; petals blue, purple, yellow or 

 white. The so-called var. arvensls DC. has the petals shorter or but little 



