70 EUBIACEAE. 



RCJBIACEAE B. Juss. Maddeb Family. 

 Shrubs or herbs, with opposite or verticillate entire leaves. Stipules 

 leaf-like, connecting the bases of the petioles or none. Flowers perfect 

 but frequently of two forms in Houstonia. Calvx-tube adherent to the 

 ovary; limb 4-5-cleft. Corolla regular, inserted upon the calyx-tube; 

 lobes 4-5. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the corolla-tube, alternate with its 

 lobes. Styles 1-2. Ovary 2-4-celled. Fruit a capsule, berry, or a 

 drupe. 



Houstonia. Low herbs, with opposite leaves, and solitary or cymose flowers. 

 CepeulkNThus. Leaves opposite or in 3's; flowers in dense globular peduncled heads. 

 G-alidm. Leaves verticillate ; stipules wanting ; flowers cymose. 

 rfOUSTONIA L. Low herbs. Stipules small, entire, connate with the 

 petioles. Flowers solitary or cymose, white or bluish. Calyx 4-toothed or 4- 

 lobed, persistent, the lobes becoming distinct in fruit. Corolla tubular, with 

 4 spreading lobes, longer than the calyx. Stamens 4, inserted on the throat of 

 the corolla. Style 1; stigmas 2. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit capsular, few-several- 

 seeded. Flowers often dimorphous, that is some flowers with exserted style 

 and included stamens, others with included style and exserted stamens. 



H. minima Beck. Least Bluets. Annual; stem 1-4 inches high, glabrous; 

 radical leaves spatulate or ovate, cauline leaves ovate to linear; peduncles 

 axillary, the earlier ones usually 1 inch long, later ones shorter; flowers vio- 

 let or purple; calyx-lobes conspicuous; corolla-lobes about equalling the 

 tube. Fields and prairies; March-May; common; Johnson county. 



hj. angustifolia Mx. Perennial; stems tufted, from a woody root, 4-20 

 inches high; leaves often fascicled, narrowly linear, 1-nerved; flowers numer- 

 ous, in compact terminal cymes, white or purplish, short-pedicelled; lobes of 

 the corolla bearded inside; capsule obovoid. Prairies; June-July; frequent; 

 Taylor, Fremont, and Shelby counties; reported from Pottawattamie, Harri- 

 son, and Woodbury counties. 



CEPHALANTriUS L. Shrubs, with white flowers in dense globose pedun- 

 cled heads. Calyx-limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4-cleft. Stamens 4. 

 Style 1, filiform, much exserted; stigma capitate; fruit dry, 2-4-celled. 



C. occidcntalis L. Button-bush. Shrub 2-10 feet high; leaves opposite or 

 in 3's, ovate to lance-oblong, pointed, petioled; stipules small, triangular. 

 Low grounds, along streams and swamps; July-August; frequent in the 

 southeast quarter of the state but rarer elsewhere; Allamakee, Clayton, Clin- 

 ton, Jackson, Scott, Muscatine, Louisa, Lee, Henry, Johnson, Appanoose, 

 Story, Decatur, Page, Fremont, and Humbolt counties. 



GALIUM L. Herbs, with angled stems, verticillate leaves, and cymose 

 flowers. Calyx-limb of four small teeth. Corolla rotate, 4-cleft, valvate in 

 the bud. Stamens 4, short. Styles 2. Fruit globular, dry or fleshy, separat- 

 ing into 2, 1-seeded, indehiscent carpels. 



G. aparine L. Annual, stems 2-4 feet long, weak, reclining, retrorsely 

 prickly; leaves usually in 8's, sometimes in 6's or 7's, oblanceolate to linear, 

 mucronate, peduncles axillary, 1-2-fiowered; fruit densely covered with 

 hooked prickles. Low woods; May-August; common. 



G. circaezans Mx. Wild Liquorice. Perennial, stem 1-2 feet high 

 branched, downy or smooth; leaves large, in 4's, oval or ovate-lanceolate, 3- 

 nerved, obtuse; peduncles few-flowered; fruit nearly sessile, hispid. Rich 

 woods; May-July; frequent; Johnson, Henry, Muscatine, Lee, Van Buren 

 Decatur, Fremont, and Pottawattamie counties. 



