76 COMPOSITAE. 



Decatur, Taylor, Page, and Cass counties; common in southern Iowa. ( La- 

 cinaria squarrosa ( L.) Hill.) 



L. cylindracea Mx. Stem 6-18 inches high; heads few, oblong-cylindrical, 

 }.i inch long; scales ovate, with appressed mueronate tips; pappus plumose; 

 corolla-lobes hairy inside. Prairies; Avtgust-September; frequent, but appar- 

 ently local; Fayette, Jones, Muscatine, and Story counties. (Lacinaria cylin- 

 dracea ( Mx. ) Kuntze ). 



** Involucre hemispheric; 15-45-flowered. 



L. scariosa ( L. ) Willd. Stem 3-5 feet high, scabrous-pubescent; leaves 

 lanceolate, lower oblong-lanceolate and long-petioled; heads large, short, re- 

 motely racemose, few or many, 25-40-fiowered; involucre hemispherical; scales 

 obovate, obtuse, margins scarious, often colored; pappus barbellate. Prairie: 

 August-September; common. (Lacinaria scariosa < L. ) Hill. ) 



L. pyenostachya Mx. Stem 3-5 feet high, hairy or smoothish; upper 

 leaves linear-lanceolate; heads small, many, few-flowered, in a dense spike, 

 (>-20 inches long; scales oblong or lanceolate with recurved or spreading pet- 

 al-like tips. Low prairies; August-September; common. (Lacinaria pyeno- 

 stachya ( Mx. ) Kuntze). 



L. punctata Hook. Stem 4-30 inches high, mostly glabrous; leaves nar- 

 rowly linear, punctate, rigid; heads 3-6-flowered, usually many in a denee 

 spike; scales oblong, acuminate, punctate; pappus very plumose; corolla-lobes 

 naked. Dry sandy knolls; August-September; Fremont, Harrison, Woodbury, 

 Lyon, Emmet, Hancock, and Dickinson counties. ( Laci naria -punctata ( Hook.) 

 Kuntze ). 



GRINDELIA Willd. Coarse perennial glabrous herbs. Leaves alternate, 

 sessile or clasping. Heads large, terminating the branches, radiate or dis- 

 coid, many-flowered; rays pistillate. Involucral scales closely imbricated in 

 several series, narrow-acuminate, green-tipped. Pappus of 3 or more awns. 

 Achenes short, thick, glabrous. 



G. squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Stem 1-3 feet high, leafy; leaves alternate, 

 sessile, linear or spatulate-oblong, serrate; leaves and heads balsamic-viscid; 

 rays pistillate, wanting in var. ntjda Gray. Waste places; August; infre- 

 quent; Woodbury, Sioux, Lyon, Ida, Palo Alto, Muscatine, Henry, Lee, Ma- 

 haska, Boone, and Fremont counties. 



CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. Perennials, with hairy stems, and large heads ter- 

 minating the branches. Rays many, yellow, pistillate. Involucral scales lin- 

 ear, imbricated. Receptacle flat. Pappus double, outer of short rusher chaf- 

 fy bristles, inner of long capillary bristles. Achenes linear, flat, obovate or 

 linear-oblong. 



C. Villosa ( Pursh ) Nutt. Stem about 1 foot high, hairy, corytnbosely 

 branched; leaves alternate, oblong-spatulate, entire, hairy. Dry soil; Au- 

 gust; frequent; Lyon county. 



APLOPAPPUS Cass. Mostly perennials. Leaves alternate. Involucre 

 hemispherical, of many closely imbricated scales. Receptacle flat. Heads 

 many-flowered, radiate; rays pistillate, yellow. Disk flowers yellow. Pap- 

 pus of simple bristles. Achenes short, top-shaped or linear. 



A. spinulosus DC. Perennial; stem 4-12 inches hig-h, usually spreading; 

 leaves pinnately or bi-pinnately parted, lobes bristle-tipped; achenes pubes- 

 cent. Loess mounds, forming dense patches; April-September; Harrison, 

 Monona, and Woodbury counties. (Eriocarpum spinulosum (Nutt.) Greene.) 



