86 COMPOSITAE. 



scabrous; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, scabrous, serrate: rays 

 oblong or linear, 2-3-toothed; achenes pubescent on the angles when young. 

 Prairies and open woods; JuDe-September; frequent throughout the state. 



|-f. laevis Pers. Similar to the preceding; stem 3-5 feet high, glabrous.; 

 leaves opposite, sometimes in 3's; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rather thin, acu- 

 minate, sharply dentate, smooth on both sides or roughish above; achenes 

 glabrous, truncate. Woods; July-September; infrequent; Muscatine, Deca- 

 tur, and Fremont counties. (H. heluinttioides (L.) B. S. P.) 



ECHINACEA Moench. Perennials, with mostly alternate 3-5-nerved 

 leaves, and single terminal large heads. Involucral scales in 2 or 3 rows, • im- 

 bricated, lanceolate, spreading. Receptacle conical, bristling with spiny-tipped 

 chaff. Rays rose-purple, long, drooping, pistillate but sterile. Disk-tlowers 

 purplish, shorter than the chaff. Pappus a few teeth. Achenes thick, short, 

 4-sided. 



E. angustifolia DC. Pale Purple Cone-flower. Stem 1-3 feet high, bristly- 

 hairy, simple; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire, tapering both 

 ways, long-petioled, bristly hairy; rays 12-15, 2-3-tootheri, 1-2 inches long. 

 Prairies; June-September; common. (Brauneria pallida (Nutt.) Britton ). 



E. purpurea Moench. Purple Cone-floiver. Stem 2—1 feet high, rough- 

 hairy to nearly smooth; lower leaves long-petioled, ovate, 5-ne'rved, upper 

 usually 3-nerved, all rough and frequently serrate; involucral-scales in 3-5 

 rows, lanceolate; rays' 15-20, dull purple. ' bifid, 1-2 inches long. Woods; 

 July-August; infrequent; Appanoose, Decatur, and Louisa counties. (B. pur- 

 purea ( L.) Britton ). 



r^UDBECK'A L. Biennials or perennials, with alternate leaves, and termin- 

 al showy many-flowered beads. Involucral scales about 12, in 2 rows, folia- 

 ceous. Receptacle conical or columnar, chaffy. Rays many, neutral, mostly 

 yellow. Disk-flowers perfect. Pappus a toothed or cut margin, or wanting. 

 Achenes 4-angled. 



F^. triloba L. Brown-eyed Susan. Biennial; stem 2-5 feet high, with slender 

 spreading branches; lower leaves 3-lobed or 3-parted, serrate; 'upper ovate- 

 lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, subsessile; heads stnall; disk conical, dark 

 purple; chaff awned, rays about 8, oval or oblong. Woods; August-Septem- 

 ber; common. 



R. subtomentosa Pursh. Stem 3-4 feet high, branching, downy and sca- 

 brous; leaves mostly 3-lobed or 3-parted, downy, divisions ovate or ovate-lan- 

 ceolate, serrate; heads corymbose, short-peduncled; disk globular, dull brown; 

 chaff obtuse, bearded. Prairies and open woods; August-September; fre- 

 quent; Muscatine, Johnson, and Decatur counties; reported from Fayette and 

 Story counties. 



H. hirta L. Black-eyed Susan. Biennial, bristly-hairy throughout; stem 1-2 feet 

 high, mostly simple; upper leaves oblong or lanceolate, mostly entire, sessile, 

 lower long-petioled, spatulate, 3-uerved; rays 9-14; disk dull brown; chaff 

 hairy at the apex. Woods and prairies; June-August; common'. 



R. laciniata L. Stem glabrous, 2-7 feet high; lower leaves 3-lobed or 5-7- 

 parted, divisions usually cut or lobed, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; heads on 

 long slender peduncles; disk globular in flower, columnar in fruit; rays ob- 

 lanceolate, drooping. Low grounds; August; common. 



LEPACMYS Raf . Perennial herbs, with alternate pinnately divided leaves, 

 grooved stems, and terminal heads. Involucral scales linear, in one row. 

 Receptacle oblong or columnar, chaffy. Rays few, neutral, yellow. Disk- 

 flowers perfect. Pappus of 2 teeth or wanting. Achenes compressed, 1-2- 

 winged. 



