Chicory Family. 97 



CICHORTACEAE R,;,h,„h. Chicory Family. 

 Herbs, usually with acrid or milky juice, alternate or basal leaves, and 

 yellow, blue, purple, or white tiower.s in iuvolucrate heads. Involucral 

 bracts in one to several series. Receptacle flat or fluttish, scaly, smooth, 

 pitted, or alveolate. Flowers all alike, perfect. Calyx-tube adnate to 

 the ovary, 1 he limb of scales, or bristles, or both, or wanting. Corolla 

 gamopetalous. Ululate; tube short or lon»; ray usually 5-toothed. 

 Anthers 5, united into a tnbe around the styl< j , sagittate or auricled be- 

 low, usually appendaged above. Ovary 1 -celled. 1-ovuled; style 2-cleft or 

 2-lobed. Fruit an achene. This family is usually regarded as a tribe of 

 the Compositae and is also known as Liguliflorae. 



* Pappns of scales, or of sanies und bristles. 

 Clcftorium. Flowers blue or white; involucre double: pappus of blunt scales. 

 Kukiia. Flowers yellow; involucre simple: pappus of chaff and bristles. 



* * Pai>ijns |il»m(«. 

 Tragopogdn. Stemsleafy: involucre simple; plume branches of the pappus interuebbed. 

 * * * Pappus of capillary bristles, lint plumotv. 

 t Aithenrs culiiidrii:, prismatic, or terete, not flattened. 

 \ Aclienes not betdad. 

 HiEHAci'-M. Flowers yellow or orange, sometimes red; pappus tawny 

 Vrenanthes. Flowers white, cream-color, or purple: pappus tawny or brown; heads 



often nodding. 

 Lvgodesmia. Flowers pink or purple: pappus white: heads erect. 

 X X Aelienes beaked, sometimes baddess tit Troximoli; flowers yellow; heads ■ xalilai'u, 



seapuse. 

 Troximon. Involucre looselyimbricated; achenes 10 ribbed. 

 Taraxacum, involucre calyculate: achenes t-S- ribbed. 

 f (■ A-dieiics flat or flatfish,; pappus white; involucre imbricated: heaih pattictcd. 

 Lactuca. Flowers yellow or purplish ; achenes more or less beal;ed. 

 Soncbus. Flowers yellow; achenes flattish, beakless. 



CICHORIUM L. Erect branching perennials, with deep roots, alter- 

 nate and basal leaves, and axillary and terminal heads. Involucre of two 

 series of herbaceous bracts. Receptacle flat, naked, or slightly flmbrillate. 

 Achenes f,-angled or Vribhed. truncate, beakless. Pappus of :.' or 3 short 

 blunt scales, forming a crown. 



C. intybus L. Clt-icory. Hasal leaves on the ground, runcinate-pinnati fid, 

 narrowed to Ions' petioles; stem-leaves lanceolate or oblong', lobed or entire, 

 base clasping and auricled; heads many. Waste places; July-September: re- 

 ported trom Fayette, Scott, folk, Adams, and Woodbury counties. 



KRIG1A Sehreber. Ours a perennial, with scape-like stems, mostly radical 

 leaves, and several to many-flowered heads. Involucral scales in 2 rows, 

 l'appus double, the outer of scales, the inner capillary. 



K. amplexicaulis Nutt. Roots fibrous; stem 1-2 feet high, smooth, with 

 1-2 leaves; cauline leaves sessile, clasping, oblong or oval, mostly entire; 

 radical on winged-petioles, entire or toothed, rarely pinnatifid; heads 2-.">, 

 peduneled. Rich woods; May-June; frequent; Winneshiek, Allamakee, 

 Jones, Muscatine, Johnson, Henry, Lee, aDd Cerro Gordo counties, reported 

 from Fayette and Scott counties. (Trcujopotjon vir/jinicum L. Ailopttnon rhyini- 

 c\tm (L.) Kuntze). 



K. dandelion (L.) Nutt. Scape slender, leafless, with » solitary head. 6- 

 1S inches high; roots tuberiferous; leaves basal, tufted, linear-lanceolate to 



