R ell -flower Family. 101 



pappus brown. Moist, woods; July-September; reported from Fayette and 

 Story counties. (L. spicule (Lam.) Hitchcock). 



SONCHUS L. Ours coarse annuals, with mostly smooth and glaucous leafy 

 stems and corymbose-paniculate heads of yellow flowers. Leaves spinulosely 

 or ciliatety dentate. auriculate-clasping. Involucre more or less imbricated, 

 of unequal scales. Pappus soft, white, copious, capillary. Achenes com- 

 pressed, striate or ribbed. 



S. asper (L.) All. Stem smooth, 1-4 feet high; leaves rarely runcinate- 

 pinnatifid, usually undivided, the basal and lower obovate or spatulatc. 

 petioled, the upper oblong or lanceolate very spiny-toothed, auricles rounded; 

 achcne smooth margined, 3-ribbed on each face. Waste places: July— Septem- 

 ber: frequent throughout the state. 



S. oleraceus L. Stem 2-3 feet high: leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, rarely 

 undivided, with soft spiny or prickly teeth,' auricles acute; achenes many- 

 striate, rugulose-scabrous. With the preceding; infrequent; Johnson county; 

 reported from Winneshiek, Clayton, Fayette, Scott, Muscatine, Linn, and 

 Story counties. 



CAMPANULA.CEAE ,/«.<«. Hell flowek Family. 



Herbs, with milky juice, alternate exstipulate leaves, and solitary 

 racemose paniculate or spicate flowers. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed or 5- 

 parted, adherent to the ovary. Corolla regular or irregular, 5-lobed. 

 Stamens 5. separate or coniiite; anthers 2-celled. .Capsule 2 -several- 

 celled, many-seeded. 



* Corolla riijiilur; anthem separate. 

 Campanula, l^lowe.rs complete: corolla bell-shaped, raroly rotatr. 

 Spboulaiua. Early flowers clei.st^^amous: corolla rotate. 



** Corolla irrajnttir; anther* connate. 

 Lubelu. Our only Renus. 



CAMPANULA L. Calyx-tube short. Corolla for the most part c.ampanu- 

 late. Stamens 5; tilaments flattened. Stigma 3-lobed. Capsule 3 celled. 



C. americana L. Tall Bell-flower. Annual, somewhat hairy: stem :t-(i feet. 

 high; leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, thin, serrate, petioles margined; 

 inflorescence spicate, 1-2 feet long, flowers sessile, axillary; calyx-lobes long, 

 narrow; corolla light blue, broad; style exserted. declined and curved up- 

 wards. Rich soil, woods and fields; July-August; common. 



C. rotundifolid L. Harebell. Perennial; stem (5—14 inches high, branching, 

 weak, mostly glabrous; radical leaves long-petioled. ovate or reniform-cor- 

 date, entire or dentate, soon perishing: cauline leaves linear, entire; flowers 

 on slender pedicels, nodding; calyx-lobes subulate; corolla eampanulate, blue. 

 A delicate plant. Rocky woods; June-July; common in northeastern portion 

 of the state; Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, Dubuque, Jackson, Jones. 

 Webster, and Emmet counties; reported from Fayette and Scott counties. 



C. aparinoides Pursh. Stein weak, somewhat angular, branched, rough 

 on the angles; leaves linear, mostly entire; flowers on long slender pedicels; 

 calyx-lobes short, triangular; corolla white, eampanulate. Wet places; June- 

 Aug-ust; frequent: Winneshiek, Fayette, Muscatine. Johnson, Hancock, Cerro 

 Gordo, Winnebago, and Emmet counties: reported from Scott and Story 

 counties. 



SPECULARIA Heister. Calyx-tube elongated. Corolla rotate. Filaments 

 hairy, shorter than the anthers. Stigmas and cells of the angular capsule 3. 



