118 . SOLANACEAE. 



* * Fni.lt. a nearly dry berry; calyx unaltered. 

 Lycium. Shrubby : berry small. 3-ctlled. 



* * * Fruit a spiny capsule. 

 Datura. Flowers large ; stamens included. 



SOLANUM L. Corolla rotate, with a short tube, 5-cleft. Anthers erect, 

 longer than the filaments, connivent or connate around the style, opening 

 apically by two pores or chinks. Fruit a 2-eelled berry. 

 * Glabrous or pubescent, not prickly. 



S. nigrum L. Niyhtshade. Annual, rarely perennial; stem 1-3 feet high, 

 erect or spreading, smoothish; leaves ovate, thin, angulately toothed; flowers 

 small, white, in drooling axillary umbel-like clusters; peduncle long and 

 slender; berry globose, black. Fields and waste places; July-September; 

 common. 



S. tuberosum L. The common potato, occasionally an escape, but not 

 persistent. 



S. triflorum Nutt. Annual, glabrous or sparingly pubescent; stem 1-3 

 feet high, branched; leaves pinnatifld; peduncles with 1-3 small white' flow- 

 ers; berry globose, green. Reported from Fayette county. 

 * * Stellate-pubescent, and prickly plants. 

 ■\ Berry smooth, not covered by the calyx. 



S. caroliniense L. Horse-Nettle. Perennial, with stellate-pubescence and 

 scattered yellow prickles on the stem and veins; leaves angulately lobed; , 

 flowers white, racemose; anthers large, equal; berry spheroidal, naked, yel- 

 low. Waste grounds, fields; June-August; common in the west counties, 

 spreading eastward and frequent in many localities. 



S. torrcyi Gray. Perennial, hoary with stellate-pubescence, prickly; 

 leaves ovate sinuately 5-7-lobed, the lobes entire or undulate, obtuse; flow- 

 ers showy; corolla violet: berry globose, yellow. Reported from southern 

 Iowa. 



f f Berry corered. by the spiny calyx. 



S. rostratum Dunal. Sand. Bur. Annual; pubescence stellate; stem and 

 veins thickly beset with long prickles; leaves sinuately lobed or pinnatifid; 

 flowers yellow; calyx prickly, enclosing the fruit; stamens and style declined, 

 lower stamen longer. Waste places; May-September; frequent in the west 

 counties, infrequent eastward, spreading. This species has been found in 

 fifty-one counties. A noxious weed of the worst type. 



S. heterodoxum Dunal. Annual, glandular-pubescent, somewhat stel- 

 late-pubescent on the leaves, armed with yellow subulate prickles; leaves 

 bipinnatifid; flowers violet; four of the stamens yellow, the fifth violet and 

 longer. Reported from Fayette county. ■< 



PHYSALIS h. Ground CiIkhrv. Annual" or perennial herbs, with entire 

 or sinuately toothed leaves. Calyx r.-eleft, persistent, reticulated, at length 

 inflated and enclosing the fruit. Corolla yellowish, carapanulate-rotate. tube 

 short, obscurely f>-lobed. Stamens 5, eonnivent; anthers opening lengthwise. 

 Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. Fruit a 2-celled berry. 



* Annwtln with, fibrous roots, perennial in P. philadelphica. 

 f Plants more or less pubescent; fruitinij calyx sunken, at the base. 



P. pubescens L. Stem 1-3 feet high, branched, at length decumbent, 

 pubescent, sharply angled; leaves ovate or cordate, varying from entire to 

 angulately-toothed; calyx "wangled; corolla spotted: anthers purplish. Damp 

 soil; July-September: frequent. 



