I.] THE FROG. 65 



the olfactory capsule. It projects freely for- 

 wards and inwards. 



c. Lateral aspect. 



Compare generally with a. and b. and note es- 

 pecially. 



a. The suspensorium ; its backward rotation; its 

 rounded free end, for articulation of the lower 

 jaw. 



/?. The quadrate bone; represented by an insig- 

 nificant nodule lying within the substance of a. 

 near its articular end. It may or may not be 

 confluent with the quadrato-jugal. 



d. Posterior aspect. 



a. The exoccipitals ; separated above and below 

 by cartilage (i.e. there are no median occipital 

 bones). 



p. The columella auris. Remove this on the dis- 

 sected side ; and note that its inner end plugs a 

 large aperture (fenestra ovalis) in the outer wall 

 of the periotic capsule. 



y. The suspensorium; now seen, on the -same side, 

 in its entirety. Note ; its pedicle, the main bar, 

 prolonged down to give articulation to the lower 

 jaw; its dorsal cross, confluent with the outer 

 wall of the auditory capsule, and expanded, to 

 form a ledge (tegmen tympani) which overlies 

 the columella; its ventral cross (cf. b. /3.) rounded, 

 and in definite articulation with the antero- 

 ventral border of the auditory capsule. 



e. Inner aspect. 



Remove all that remains of the chondro-cranium 

 M. 5 



