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horses; the ‘‘curtal” was a docked great 
horse; the ‘“‘trottynge gambaldyn” horse 
one with high and showy action, and the 
‘cloth sek” and “male hors” carried 
respectively personal luggage and armour. 
EDWARD VI. (1547-1553) AND QUEEN MARY 
(1553-1558). 
The brief reign of Edward VI. was pro- 
ductive of little legislation that had reference 
to horse-breeding. An Act was passed to 
sanction the export of mares worth not more 
than ten shillings, and another to remove 
some ambiguity in Henry VIII.’s law con- 
cerning the death penalty, without benefit of 
clergy, for horse-stealers. 
If nothing was done to promote the 
breeding industry during this reign, the 
King’s advisers took measures to raise 
the English standard of horsemanship. 
The Duke of Newcastle informs us that he 
‘“engaged Regnatelle to teach, and invited 
two Italians who had been his scholars, into 
England. The King had an Italian farrier 
named Hemnibale, who taught more than 
had been known before” The farrier of old 
times was the veterinary surgeon—as the 
barber was the surgeon—and the invitations 
