442 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 20$. 



and usually penetrating odor is often noticeable in the decaying larvae. 

 This can perhaps best be likened to the odor of heated glue. 



"The majority of the larvae which die of this disease are attacked after 

 being sealed in the cells. The cappings are often entirely removed by the 

 bees, but when they are left they usually become sunken and frequently 

 perforated. As the healthy brood emerges the comb shows the scattered 

 sunken cappings covering dead larvae, giving it a characteristic appear- 

 ance. 



"Pupae also may die of this disease, in which case they, too, dry down, 

 become ropy, and have the characteristic odor and color. The tongue 

 frequently adheres to the upper side wall and often remains there even 



Figure 22. American foul brood: note the normal sealed cells; the 

 sunken cappings, some showing perforations; the larvae and pupae 

 affected by disease; the scales formed from dried-down larvae Three 

 tinies natural size. (After Phillips, Bureau of Entomology, U S Deoart- 

 ment of Agriculture.) ' *^ 



after the pupa has dried down to a scale. Younger unsealed larvae are 

 sometimes affected. Usually the disease attacks only worker brood, but 

 occasional cases are found in which queen and drone brood are diseksed. 

 It is not certain that race of bees, season, or climate have any affect on 

 the virulence of this disease, except that in warmer climates, where the 

 breeding season is prolonged, the rapidity of devastation is more marked. 

 See figure 22. 



European Pool Brood. 



"European foul trood was formerly called 'black brood' or 'New York 



bee disease.' The name 'black brood' was a poor one, for the color of the 



dead brood is rarely black or even very dark brown. European foul brood 



usually attacks the larva at an earlier stage of its development than 



