CHAPTER VIII 



MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES 



On a well-equipped dairy the miscellaneous expenses are 

 considerable. One or more of the items mentioned below may 

 not be necessary as costs for a particular dairy. For example 

 some dairies have good springs or an abundance of cold water, 

 so that ice is not needed. Under conditions, however, where 

 the milk must be prepared for shipment in a short time, ice 

 may be needed, even where there is a good supply of cold 

 water. In some sections ice can be stored at a small cost, 

 while in other sections it is necessary to buy ice at relatively 

 high prices. According to Rasmussen ^ about one ton of ice 

 is needed per cow per year to cool the milk of an 8,soo-pound 

 producer, this being the amount produced by the cows in the 

 Wisconsin herds to which these formulae have been applied. 

 This makes a rather large item under conditions of high cost 

 of ice, but the amount cooled is more than twice the produc- 

 tion of the average cow. The actual cost of ice in the 174 

 herds of Delaware County, New York,^ was only about $.50 

 per year per cow. More than one-half the dairies of this 

 country use no ice at all. Supplying wood and coal for heating 

 water and for steam where sterilizers are used adds another 

 annual expense item of 25 to 75 cents per cow. 



Tools and special equipment such as scales, curry combs, 

 brushes, cards, clippers, forks, shovels, and carts and carriers 

 constitute another expense, which will amount to 50 cents to 

 $1 per head on a well-equipped dairy. The utensils needed, 

 including pails and strainers, sterilizers, cans, and other tin- 

 ware, will cost about $1 per year per cow. Supphes such as 

 medicine, salt, soap, disinfectant, and fly exterminator cost 



'■ New Hampshire Exp. Sta., Ext. Bull. No. 2, p. 15. 



' New York Agr. Exp. Sta. (CorneU), Bull. No. 364, p. 133. 



