MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES 45 



otherwise be required to deliver the milk, it is done in this 

 way at no real cost. The total of $18 for hauling seems high, 

 but it is a reasonable charge. At 11. 7 cents per hundred, 

 hauling 8,500 pounds of milk costs $9.80, leaving about $8 

 for railroad transportation. When this is paid at the farm 

 this item should be considered in determining the price at 

 which the milk should be sold. 

 All these costs may be brought together as follows: 



Ice, I ton at $1 $1.00 



Wood and coal 75 



Utensils i.oo 



Supplies 1.00 



Veterinary service and tester 2.50 



Havding and transportation 18.00 



Total miscellaneous expense $24.25 



These items cover conditions above the average, but no 

 better than are necessary for the production of high-grade 

 milk such as is now being demanded. Most farms use no ice, 

 no wood or coal for steam, and no sterilizers. The items of 

 tools, utensils, and suppUes may be reduced in some cases, and 

 the cow tester is not an expense on most farms, although with 

 this service the cost would in most cases be returned many 

 times by the increased efficiency of the herd. Not only do 

 the records of the supervisor of the cow-testing association 

 show the profitable and unprofitable cows, but the tester is a 

 great help in the selection of calves to be used in future herds, 

 thus making intelligent breeding and herd improvement pos- 

 sible. The large item of $18 for hauling and transportation 

 should be deducted if the milk is sold at the farm and is 

 received there by the dealer. 



