92 



PLANT LIFE. 



to be recognized among many dccidnons trees, and 

 apple, the so-called fruit spurs arc 

 not dissimilar (fig. 103 J. 



111. (/') Flowers. — The most 

 common of the specialized branches 

 among the seed plants are those 

 which constitute the flower. In 

 these the axis usually remains short, 

 the leaves are crowded, and olten 



, in the 



I'll., loj. Fi . 103. 



Fig. 102. — The base of leaves and dwarf branch of Scotch pine cut through the center 

 lengthwise. Besides the two needle leaves the dwarf branch carries a number of scale 

 leaves, d. Between the bases of the needle leaves is seen the conical apex of the dwarf 

 branch, showing their lateral origin. Magnified about 4 diam. — After Luerssen. 



Fig. T03. — Twig of apple, bearing fruit spurs. A, points at which fniit was detached 

 the preceding year ; i' '. leaf scars. Natural size. — After Hardy. 



some of them are highly colored (fig. 104). Commonly 

 these flower branches are deciduous. 



Fig. 104. Fig. 105. 



Fig. 104. — YXqv^^x oi Sal iti>! acre, s, sepal; /, petal; st, stamen; <-, carpel. Mag- 

 nified 3 diam. — After Baillon. 



Fig. 105. — Piece of a twig of asparagus ; in the axil of the scale leaf. /■. arise a ilower 

 shoot, and three leailcss iierillc-like branchlcts. Magnilied about 2 diam. — After Frank. 



112. (c) Cladophylls. — 1\ few plants have developed 

 shoots which reitlace leaves in function and resemble them 



