286 ARTHROPODS. 



within the mother and are born " viviparously." After birth 

 they adhere for a while to the body of their mother. 



The race of scorpions is of very ancient origin, for one 

 has been found in Silurian strata, and others nearly resem- 

 bling those now alive are found in the Carboniferous. 



Examples. — Scorpio. 



Euscorpius. 



Buthus. 



Androdonus. 



Order 2. Solpugid^ or SOLIFUG^, e.g., Gakodes or Solpuga. 



Active, pugnacious, venomous, nocturnal little animals, found in the 

 warmer parts of the earth, e.g., in the United States. The head is 

 separate from the thorax. The thorax has three segments, the abdomen 

 nine or ten. The chelicerse are chelate, the pedipalps like long legs. 

 The respiration is by means of tubular trachese. The segmentation of 

 the thorax is very remarkable. 



Orders. Pseudoscorpionid^. " Book-Scorpions,' V.^., 

 Chelifer, Cheriies, Obisium. 



Very small animals, found especially in warm climates, under bark, 

 in books, under the wing-covers of insects, etc. They are like miniature 

 scorpions, but without the long tail and sting. Their food probably con- 

 sists of the juices of insects ; the chelicerae are minute suckers, the pedi- 

 palps like those of scorpions. The abdomen is broad, with eleven 

 segments. They breathe by tubular tracheae, and have spinning glands. 



Order 4. Pedipalpi. "Whip-Scorpions,".?.^., Thelyphonus, Phrynus. 



Small animals, found in warm countries. The abdomen is depressed, 

 and consists of eleven or twelve segments. The chelicerae are simply 

 clawed, but are poisonous ; the pedipalps are simply clawed or else 

 truly chelate. The first pair of limbs are very thin. They breathe by 

 two pairs of chambered tracheae. In Thelyphonus there is a long terminal 

 whip. 



Orders. PhalangiDjE. "Harvest-men," ^.^., /%a/a«^»»2, Gonyleptes. 



The small " harvest-men " are noted for their extremely long legs, by 

 which they stalk slowly along avoiding the glare of the day. They are 

 sometimes called daddy -long legs, but we reserve that name for the crane- 

 fly ( Tipula oleracea). Nor are they to be confused with the troublesome 

 "harvest-bugs" [Trombidium holosericeum), for these are very minute 

 red mites (Acarina). The harvest-men are not troublesome to us, but 

 feed on small insects. 



