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AMPHIBIA. 



From the left aortic arch, just as it unites with its fellow 

 of the other side to form the dorsal aorta, or from 

 the beginning of the dorsal aorta, there is given off 

 the coeliaco-mesenteric to the stomach, intestine, 

 liver, and spleen. 

 The dorsal aorta also gives off : — 



the renal arteries to the kidneys, and the genital 



arteries to the reproductive organs ; 

 the inferior mesenteric to the large intestine ; 

 and then divides into two iliacs, each of which supplies 

 bladder (hypogastric) and ventral body-wall (epi- 

 gastric) and leg (sciatic). 



III. The pulmo-cutaneous arch, the most posterior, 

 corresponding to the fourth efferent branchial in 

 the tadpole, gives off : — 



the cutaneous artery to the skin, 

 the pulmonary artery to the lungs. 



The Venous System. 



I. Each superior vena cava is formed from the union of 

 three veins, and each of these three is formed from two 

 smaller vessels. 



Superior 

 vena cava. 



{ Lingual from the mouth and 



tongue. 

 { Mandibular from the lower jaw. 



{Internal jugular from the inside 

 of the skull. 

 Subscapular from the back of 

 the arm and the shoulder. 

 ( Brachial from the arm. 

 •^ Musculo - cutaneous from the 

 ( skin and sides of the body. 



II. The inferior vena cava begins between the kidneys, 

 and ends in the sinus venosus. Its components are as 

 follows : — 



External 

 jugular. 



Innominate. 

 Subclavian 



Inferior 

 vena cava. 



I Efferent renal veins from the kidneys. 



-, Genital veins from the reproductive organs. 



( Efferent hepatic veins from the liver. 



