592 MAMMALS. 



couguar (F. eoncolor) from Canada to Patagonia ; the jaguar 

 (F. onca) also American. 

 Family Viverridse : — Old World forms, such as civets ( Viverra) of 



Africa and India, genets (Genetta) of S. Europe, Africa, and 



S.-W. Asia, ichneumons or mungooses (Herpestes) from Spain, 



Africa, India, Indo-Malaya. 

 Family Proteleidae ; — represented by Proteles cristaius, the hysena- 



like Aard-wolf of Cape Colony. 

 Family Hysenidse : — represented by the genus Hycena found in Africa 



and S. Asia. The tympanic bulla is not divided by a septum. 



Cynoidea — Dog-like Carnivores. 



Family Canidse, including forms intermediate between the cats and 

 the bears. The dentition is more generalised than in the 

 Felidse, its usual formula is flff . Within the tympanic bulla 

 there is only a rudimentary septum. The paroccipital process in 

 contact with the bulla is prominent. The caecum is either short 

 and simple, or long and peculiarly folded upon itself. 

 Examples : — The genus Canis has representatives in all parts of the 

 world, the wolves (C. lupus, etc.), the jackals (C. aureus, 

 mesomelas, etc.), the domestic dogs (C. familiaris), the foxes 

 (C. vulpes, etc.), the Cape hunting dog (Lycaon), the bush- 

 dog {Icticyon) of Guiana and Brazil, and the primitive Otocyon 

 megalotis from S. Africa, with the maximum number of back 



teeth hJ2±lZl. In the dog the dental formula is iU%; the 

 3, I, 4, 4 »ii» » 



upper carnassial or fourth premolar has a stout bilobed blade, 

 the lower carnassial or first molar has a compressed bilobed 

 blade. The skull is more elongated than in the cats ; the 

 orbits are very widely open posteriorly ; the clavicles are very 

 small ; the limbs are digitigrade ; there are five toes on the 

 fore-feet, but the short thumb does not reach the ground ; 

 there are only four toes on the hind-feet, but in domestic dogs 

 the rudiment of the hallux is sometimes enlarged as the " dew- 

 claw ; " the claws are non-retractile and blunt. 



Arctoidea — Bear-like Carnivores. 



The tympanic bulla shows no trace of an internal septum ; the paroc- 

 cipital process of the ex-occipital is quite apart from the bulla 

 and widely separated from the mastoid process of the periotic. 

 The limbs are plantigrade or sub-plantigrade and always bear ■ 

 five toes. There is no crecum. 

 'amily Ursidse — Bears. The molars have broad tuberculated crowns. 

 The three anterior premolars are usually rudimentary. The 

 auditory bulla is depressed. Urstis, f^, absent from Ethiopian 

 and Australian regions, represented in the Neotropical region by 

 only one species, elsewhere widespread. 



Family ProcyonidiE— The Himalayan Panda {Mlurus fulgens), the 

 American raccoon (Procyoii). 



Family Mustelidse— The otter (Lutra), the sea-otter {Latax luiris), 

 the skunk [Mephitis], the badger [Meles), the ratel (Mellivora), the 

 marten, sable, polecat, stoat, ermine, weasel (Mustela). 



