598 MAMMALS. 



The Lemurs are small, furry, monkey-like quadrupeds. 

 Many are nocturnal, all arboreal. They feed on fruits and 

 leaves, on eggs and small animals. Seven genera live in 

 Madagascar, three genera occur in the African continent, 

 and other three genera are represented here and there in 

 Oriental forests as far east as the Philippines and Celebes. 



As remains of extinct Lemurs are found in Europe and N. America, 

 the distribution of the order is now greatly restricted, and no less 

 than thirty out of the total of fifty species are confined to Madagascar. 

 Wallace concludes from the distribution of Lemurs that there must have 

 been " a large tract of land in what is now the Indian Ocean, connect- 

 ing Madagascar on the one hand with Ceylon, and with the Malay 

 countries on the other. About the same time (but perhaps not contem- 

 poraneously) Madagascar must have been connected with some portion 

 of Southern Africa ; and the whole of the country would possess no 

 other Primates but Lemuroidea. " Whether this be altogether true or 

 not, it is certain that the Lemurs are absent from regions where once 

 they lived, that most of the modern forms are found (like the Marsupials) 

 on an island, that this insulated race has evolved in several specialised 

 directions, that outside of Madagascar the Lemurs maintain their exist- 

 ence on a few other islands, or by hiding in the forests. 

 There are three chief types : — ■ 

 (<z) That of the Lemuridse, e.g., in Madagascar Lemur, and the 

 large Jndris (2 feet long), in Africa Galago, in Malay 

 Nycticebus, in India and Ceylon Loris. 

 {b) Tarsius, a specialised Indo-Malayan type with many peculiari- 

 ties, e.g., the calcaneum and navicular are elongated like 

 the calcaneum and astragalus in the frog. 

 (c) Chiromys, the Aye-Aye, a specialised Madagascar type, with 

 many peculiarities, e.g., with incisors like those of Rodents, 

 and with a very much attenuated middle finger. 



Order 10. Anthropoidea. Marmosets, New World Monkeys, 

 Old World Monkeys, Anthropoid Apes, Man. 



This order includes five families. 

 Family 5. Hominidae. Man. 



4. Simiidse. Anthropoid Apes. > Old World 



3. Cercopithecidse. Baboons. \ Catarrhine. 



2. Cebidae. American Monkeys.)^ New World 



I. Hapalidae. Marmosets. ) Platyrrhine. 



The following characteristics are generally true. 



The body is hairy, least so in man ; the dentition is 



diphyodont and heterodont .; the incisors do not exceed \ ; 



the molars are f except in the marmosets where they are f ; 



