ANTHROPOIDEA. 6oi 



the Barbary ape {M. inuus) of N. Africa and Gibraltar ; the 

 African Cercopithectis. 

 In the sub-family Semnopithecinse, there are no cheek-pouches, the 

 stomach is sacculated in a complex fashion, the hind-limbs are longer 

 than the fore-limbs. 



Examples : — the sacred Indian apes [Semnopithecus), the African 

 Colohus, and the proboscis monkey (Nasalis) of Borneo. 



Family 4. Simiidae (=Anthropomorph Catarrhini). 

 Anthropoid Apes. 



The Old World apes of this family are the Gibbons 

 {Hylobates), the Orangs (Si'mia), the Chimpanzees (Troglo- 

 dytes or Anthropopithecus), and the Gorillas {GorUla). As 

 they are the highest apes and nearest to man, they are 

 called Anthropoid. 



These apes are less like quadrupeds than the others ; they 

 have no distinct tail nor cheek-pouches. Only in the Gibbon 

 are there ischial callosities, and these are small. The arms 

 are much longer than the legs. The sternum is broad. 

 The caecum has a vermiform appendix. As in the lower 

 Old World apes, the dentition is like that of man — 2123. 



The Gibbons (Hylobates) live in S. -E. Asia, especially in the Malayan 

 region. The largest attains a height of three feet. They walk erect 

 with the hands reaching the ground. The skull is not prolonged into 

 a vertical crest. There is an os centrale in the carpus. The hallux is 

 well-developed. ' They are the highest apes with hints of ischial callosi- 

 ties. They are mainly arboreal in their habits. They feed on fruits, 

 leaves, shoots, eggs, young birds, spiders, and insects. Their voice is 

 powerful. As regards teeth, the gibbons are most like man. 



The Orangs (Simia) live in swampy forests in Sumatra and Borneo. 

 The males measure over four feet. They walk on their knuckles and 

 on the outer edges of the feet. The skull is prolonged into, a vertical 

 crest. There are but slight supra-orbital ridges. The canines are very 

 large. There are twelve ribs as in njan, and sixteen dorso-lumbar 

 vertebrae. The larynx is connected with two large sacs which unite 

 ventrally. There are no ischial callosities. They are arboreal in their 

 habits, and make nests in the branches. . They are exclusively vege- 

 tarian. As regards the structure of the brain, the orangs are most like 

 man. 



The Gorillas ( Gorilla) live in Western Equatorial Africa. They are 

 larger than all other apes, and larger than man, though not over 5^ feet 

 in height. The arms reach to the middle of the lower leg, and the 

 animals walk with the backs of their closed hands and the flat soles of 

 their feet on the ground. The skull is not prolonged into a vertical 

 crest. There are prominent supra-orbital ridges. The canines of the 



