CONTENTS 



are non-essential or helping organs. Di-chlamydeous, mono- 

 chlamydeous, and a-chlamydeous flowers. Complete and incom- 

 plete flowers. Perianth. Monoclinous or hermaphrodite or 

 bisexual or perfect flowers. Diclinous or unisexual or imper- 

 fect flowers. Staminate and pistillate flowers. Monoecious. 

 Dioecious. Polygamous 75 



Chapter XIII— THE FLOWER 



Part II — The Helping Whorls 



Calyx, sepals. Petaloid calyx. Regular and irregular calyx. Poly- 

 sepalous and gamosepalous calyx. Tube, limb, and teeth of calyx. 

 Gamosepalous calyx, forms of — tubular, campanulate, urceolate, 

 gibbous, spurred. Caducous, deciduous, accrescent. Pappus. 

 Inferior and superior calyx. Epicalyx. Anterior and posterior 

 side of a flower. Corolla, petals. Attractive whorl. Sepaloid 

 corolla. Claw of a petal. Polypetalous and gamopetalous corolla. 

 Regular and irregular corolla. Polypetalous regular corolla, 

 forms of — (i) cruciform, (2) rosaceous, (3) caryophyllaceous. 

 Polypetalous irregular corolla, a special form of — papilionaceous. 

 Vexillum, alse, carina or keel. Gamopetalous regular corolla, 

 forms of — (i) tubular, (2) campanulate, (3) infundibuliform, 

 (4) hypocrateriform, (5) rotate. Gamopetalous irregular corolla, 

 forms of — (i) bilabiate, (2) personate, (3) ligulate. Spurred. 

 Corona. Hypogynous, epigynous and perigynous corolla. 

 Flowers — hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous. Perianth — 

 polyphyllous and gamophyllous. Estivation or prefloration, 

 kinds of — (l) valvate, (2) imbricate, (3) plicate, (4) twisted or 

 contorted, (5) crumpled, (6) vexillary - 83 



Chapter XIV— THE FLOWER 



Part III — Reproductive Organs 



Androecium, stamens. Pollen grains or microspores. Stamens, 

 parts of — filament and anther. Lobes of anther. Connective. 

 Attachment of filament to anther — (i) innate or basifixed, (2) 

 adnata or dorsifixed, (3) versatile. Anther — introse and extrose. 

 Pollen-sacs or microsporangia. Pollinia — caudicle and disk. 

 Cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion of stamens — monadelphous, 

 diadelphous, polyadelphous, syngenesious. Length of stamens — 

 didynamous and tetradynamous. Adhesion of stamens — epi- 

 petalous, gynandrous. Dehiscence of anthers. Pollination. 

 Fertilization. Dehiscence of anthers, kinds of — (i) longitudinal, 

 (2) by a slit, (3) by pores, {4) by valves. Stamens, fertile and 

 sterile. Staminodia. Oosphere, ovum or egg-cell. Embryo- 

 sac or macrospore. Ovule or macro-sporangium. Ambisporan- 

 giate. Carpels, parts of — ovary, style and stigma. Sessile stigma. 

 Fruit. Angiospermia and gymnospermia. Pistil, apocaipous 

 and syncarpous, the former simple or multiple. Sutures — ventral 

 and dorsal. Parietal placentation. Chambered ovary. Axile 



