^i 



MORPHOLOGY 



Fig. 86. — Trans- 

 verse Section of 

 Youn^ Anthers 



6ATILE — c when the point df attaehttieiit Jri an adnata 

 anther is so fine that the anther turns upon the point 

 freely as on a pivot, as in Grasses, amrul-shag, and 

 km. When the face of the anther is turned towards 

 the centre or inside of the flower, it is 

 said to be introrse, as in champa; 

 when turned towards the outside of the 

 flower, it is said to be extrorse, as in 

 ulat-chandal {Gloriosa superba). 



The anther contains within it usually 

 four chambers or loculi, called pollen- 

 sacs or MICROSPORANGIA (fig. 86), two 

 in each anther-lobe. These sacs or 

 sporangia are usually full of a mass of 

 minute cells called pollen-grains or microspores, 

 mentioned above. In akanda and other members of 

 the same family, as well as in Orchjds, the pollen- 

 grains within a pollen-sac cohere together, forming 

 one or two pollen-masses known as pollinia (fig. 87). 

 Each pollinium is usually provided with 

 a-stalk, called caudicle. The pollinia 

 are usually in pairs, attached by the 

 lower ends of their caudicles to a disk, 

 so that on the dehiscence of the anthers 

 they come out in pairs, as in akanda 

 (see fig. 208). 



As in the case of petals, the stamens 

 may be hypogynous or inferior, as in 

 shial-kanta; or perigynous, as in Rose, 

 jarool, and kal-kashunda; or epigynous 

 as in pyara and jamrul. It should be 

 noted here that the terms cohesion and adhesion 

 are used in science in a restricted ' sense. Cohesion 

 means the union of similar parts, that is, parts of the 

 same organ, while adhesion means the union of dis- 



Fig. 87. — Pollinia 

 {Orchis) 



c, Caudicle. 



d, Disk. 



or superior, 



