I02 



MORPHOLOGY 



TROPOUS (inverted) — B, in which, owing to the ex- 

 cessive growth in length of the funicle, the ovule 

 becomes top-heavy, and the nucellus, in consequence 

 toppling over, becomes inverted, and the elongated 

 funicle adheres to one side of the nucellus and grows 

 along with the integuments, forming a sort of ridge 

 on the wall of the ovule, known as raphe, and owing 

 to the inverted position of the nucellus, the micropyle 

 and the chalaza change their position with respect to 



Fig-. 95- — Ovules 



A, Orthotropous. B, Anatropous. u, Campylotropous. k, Nucellus; ai, outer^ 

 iV, inner coat ; m, micropyle ; f, funiculus ; c, chalaza ; em, embryo-sac ; r, raphe. 



the placenta; and (3) campylotropous (horseshoe- 

 shaped) — c, when the nucellus is bent like a horseshoe, 

 so that the chalaza and the micropyle, though lying 

 at the opposite end of the nucellus, as in orthotropous 

 form, are nearly at the same distance from the placenta. 

 The position of the ovule within the ovary is dif- 

 ferent in different plants. Thus it may be erect, 

 that is, stand upright from the base of the ovary as 

 in Sunflower; or suspended, that is, hang down from 

 the top of the ovary; or pendulous, that is, hang 

 down from the side of the ovary; or ascending, that 

 is, turn upwards from the side of the ovary; or hori- 

 zontal, that is, arise from the side of the ovary and 

 look neither upwards nor downwards, but sideways. 



