MORPHOLOGY 



Second, dichogamous flowers. Aristolochia indica 

 or isher-mul, champa, Magnolia grandiflora or grand- 

 champa, rangchita (Pedilanthus tithymalotdes, though, 

 strictly speaking, unisexual), are good examples of 

 protogynous flowers. Most of the Malvacecs, such as 

 jaba, dhanrhas, shimool; most of the Umbelliferce, 

 such as dhania or Coriander, juan or Ajowan ; most 

 GeraniacecB, such as amrul ; most Composites, such as 



kukur-songa, suryamukhi 

 or Sun-flower; Pink, Por- 

 tulaca grandiflora (common 

 garden plants), bakas {Ad- 

 hatoda Vasica) a wild shrub, 

 common kul, are plants 

 with protandrous flowers. 

 Dichogamy is not confined 

 to hermaphrodite flowers. 

 All monoecious and most 

 dioecious plants are, as a 

 rule, protogynous. For ex- 

 ample, in pituli the female 

 plants flower earlier than 

 the male plants. 

 Third, herkogamous flowers. The floral adapta- 

 tions in most Orchidacece, Labiates, Scrophulariacece, 

 AsclepiadacecB, and Apocynacece are such that self- 

 pollination is wholly impossible. For instance, in 

 most Orchidacece (fig. 102) the centre of the flower is 

 occupied by a column (gynostemium), at the apex 

 of which is situated the single anther with its pollen- 

 grains usually bound together into two pollen-masses 

 or POLLiNiA. Each pollinium is provided with a 

 short stalk or caudicle, and the caudicle ends in 

 a DISK. Immediately below the anther, on the anterior 

 face of the gynostemium, is situated the concave viscid 



Fig. 102.— Section of Orchid Flower 



/. Portion of labellum. st. Stigma. 

 r, Rostellum. j)0, Pollinia, ad.. An- 

 ther lobe. ca, Caudicle. d. Disk. 

 jtr, Prolong^ation of rostellum. 



