METHODS OF REPRODUCTION 141 



erative cells develop into coiled many-ciliated sperma- 

 TOZOIDS. The development of the endosperm before 

 fertilization, the formation of archegonia, and the con- 

 version of passive generative cells into motile sper- 

 matozoids have a very important bearing in the 

 developmental and genetic relation between the Gym- 

 nospermia and the higher Cryptogamia, which will 

 be treated of in the part of this book devoted to the 

 description of Cryptogamia. 



CHAPTER XIX 



METHODS OF REPRODUCTION 



Reproduction means the production of new plants 

 out of pre-existing ones. The methods of reproduc- 

 tion may be divided into three kinds, namely, (i) 



VEGETATIVE, (2) SEXUAL, (3) ASEXUAL. 



Vegetative reproduction consists in the production 

 of new plants out of 

 the vegetative parts 

 of pre - existing 



plants. Forexample, 

 plants like Plantain, 



T-i 1 T« * Fisr. 126. — Pathar-kucha (5rj'o//n'//MWf 



Bamboo, Turmeric, caiyd,,,,,,,) 



Ginger, kachu, ol. 



Onion, Garlic, rajani-gandha, Potato, propagate them- 

 selves from their rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms. 

 Plants like durba, thulkuri, shushuni, amrul, propa- 

 gate by runners and stolons. Plants like Sweet- 

 potato, shank-aloo, sata-moolee, propagate by their 

 tuberous roots. Propagation by leaves is not rare, as 

 in pathar-kucha (fig. 126), himsagar. Begonia. In 



