CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE 165 



The Orders are next divided into Genera, and the 

 genera into Species. Thus the plants under the 

 Class Monandria, Order Monogynia, are divided into 

 Genera Canna, Phrynum, Curcuma, Zingiber, &c. 

 Each of these Genera is divided into one or more 

 Species, as Canna into Species indica. Zingiber 

 into Species officinale (ada), &c. These Genera 

 and Species have, however, been mostly retained in 

 the Natural System of Classification, as they are 

 based on the resemblance of many important char- 

 acters. Genera and Species are defined below. 



In the natural system the Vegetable Kingdom has 

 been divided primarily into two Sub- kingdoms, 

 namely, (i) Phanerogamia, commonly called flower- 

 ing plants, which produce flowers with stamens or 

 pistil, or both, and usually a perianth; and are re- 

 produced by SEEDS, which are many-celled bodies 

 containing an embryo: and (2) Cryptogamia, com- 

 monly called flowerless plants, which do not produce 

 flowers with stamens or pistil, and are reproduced 

 by SPORES, which are one-celled and contain no 

 embryo. The former are often called seed-plants 

 or spermaphyta, and the latter spore-plants or 



SPOROPHYTA. 



The Phanerogamia are classified into two Divisions, 

 namely, (i) Angiospermia or covered-seeded plants, in 

 which the seeds are contained within closed carpellary 

 leaves or ovaries, and the pollen-grains do not fall 

 directly on the micropyle of the ovule, but upon the 

 stigma ; and (2) Gymnospermia or open-seeded plants, 

 in which the seeds are produced on open carpellary 

 leaves and not enclosed in an ovary, and pollen-grains 

 fall directly on the micropyle of the ovule. The 

 Division Angiospermia includes the large majority of 

 flowering plants, while the Division Gymnospermia 



