CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE 167 



the flowers are usually complete and hermaphrodite, 

 corolla gamopetalous hypogynous or superior, calyx 

 inferior or superior, stamens epipetalous or superior, 

 ovary superior or inferior. 



Sub-class 4, IncompletcB, in which the flowers are 

 usually mono- or achlamydeous and unisexual. This 

 in fact consists of the refuse of the last three sub- 

 classes. 



Class II.— MONOCOTYLEDONS 



Sub-class I, PetaloidecB, in which the perianth is 

 usually petaloid. 



Sub-class 2, SpadiciflorcB, in which the flowers are 

 arranged in a spadix usually enclosed in a spathe. 



Sub-class 3, Glumiferce, in which the flowers are 

 inconspicuous and enclosed in bracts called glumes, 

 and perianth absent or represented by minute scales 

 or bristles. 



Each of the Sub-classes is further divided into a 

 number of Natural Orders, each Order usually com- 

 prising a number of Genera, and each Genus com- 

 prising a number of Species. 



The Division Gymnospermia includes a compara- 

 tively small number of plants. Hence it is not neces- 

 sary to divide it into such intermediate groups as 

 Classes or Sub-classes, but it is at once divided into 

 Natural Orders, Genera, and Species. There are 

 several systems of natural classification, but the one 

 sketched above, and adopted in this book, is generally 

 used in this country. A tabular view of this is sub- 

 joined: — 



