I70 CLASSIFICATION 



resemble one another in the structure and character of 

 their reproductive organs. Now these two species, 

 which have been thrown together in the same genus 

 for their resemblances in reproductive organs, differ 

 from one another in the structure of their vegetative 

 organs, such as the form of the leaf, general appear- 

 ance of the plant, form of the fruit, &c. For example, 

 ata plants have leaves obtuse, peduncles solitary, and 

 fruit with projecting convex ovoid patches on its 

 surface, whereas nona plants have leaves acuminate, 

 peduncles generally 2 to 4 together, and fruit marked 

 on the surface with flat 5-cornered patches. Two or 

 more species belonging to the same genus, there- 

 fore, differ from one another only or mainly in the 

 characters of their vegetative organs. Similarly, 

 the other three species, namely, bat, aswathwa, and 

 dumur, closely resemble one another in the characters 

 of their reproductive organs. These three species are 

 therefore thrown together under one genus. These 

 three species, however much they may resemble 

 one another in their reproductive organs, namely, 

 inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed, differ completely 

 in the characters of their vegetative organs, such as 

 leaves, general appearance, &c. It is clear from this 

 that GENERIC CHARACTERS are taken mainly from 

 the reproductive organs, and specific characters 

 mainly from the vegetative organs. 



Among plants of the same species it sometimes 

 happens that in the course of multiplication new forms 

 arise with new peculiarities of a more or less per- 

 manent character. These forms are known in classi- 

 fication as varieties. They are supposed to be due 

 to changes in the environment of the species, such as 

 soil, moisture, heat, and other external factors of life. 

 Thus, for example, krishna-moog and sona-moog 



