CALYCIFLOR.E 



227 



Figf. 195. — Fruit of 

 Cqriander or Dhania 



r. Ridges, ft Furrows. 

 0, Oil canal. 



each mericarp or half of the fruit is provided with 

 5 primary and 4 secondary ridges (jugae), and each 

 of the furrows (vallecule) is traversed by an oil-canal 

 (vitta) (fig. 195). Seeds solitary in each carpel, albu- 

 minous. 



The Order is mostly confined to the 

 North Temperate Zone. Common 

 plants : juan or Ajowan (Carum copti- 

 cum), mouri or Fennel or Anise {Fce- 

 niculum vulgare) (fig. 196), dhania 

 (Coriandrum sativum), gajar or Carrot 

 {Daticus Carotd), jeera {Cuminum 

 Cyminum), sulpa {Peucedanum grave- 

 olens), randhuni or channuni {Carum 

 Roxburghianum,), all cultivated principally for their 

 fruits which are used as spices. Carum copticum is 

 also cultivated for its aromatic oil. Asafoetida or 

 Narthex or hing of commerce is probably obtained 

 from Ferula asafoetida, Boiss., and imported from 

 Persia, Kashmere, &c. Thulkurhi {Hydrocotyle asi- 

 atica) is a common weed of waste places, 

 with undivided simple reniform crenate 

 leaves (which is rather exceptional in 

 the Order). Hydrocotyle j'avanica is a 

 prostrate herb common in the Khasi 

 Hills. Bupleurum mucronatum (see fig. 

 194) also has simple undivided leaves, 

 yellow flowers, and occurs as weeds in 

 Ranchi, Hazaribagh, and Dera Dun. 



Small rather inconspicuous flowers of this Order 

 which are either white, greenish, or yellowish, are 

 rendered conspicuous by being aggregated into com- 

 pound umbels of considerable size. Insects can there- 

 fore see them from a distance. Its aromatic odour, 

 often very strong, characteristic of many species, 



Fig-. 196, — Fruit ot 

 Fcpjiicuhnn 



