COROLLIFLOR^ 231 



the introduced Peruvian Bark or Cinchona tree and 

 the Coffee tree, both now cultivated with profit, the 

 latter principally in southern India and Ceylon, and 

 the former on cool mountain slopes of Darjiling and 

 southern India. From the bark of the Cinchona plant 

 quinine is manufactured. Cinchona succirubra is the 

 species mostly grown, though the species Cinclwna 

 calisaya is not unknown. The cinchona plant was im- 

 ported from the slopes of the Andes at about 1867, and 

 is now grown in Government plantations in Darjiling 

 and the Ootcamund Hills. The armature of several 

 species of this large family of plants helps them both 

 to climb and to defend themselves from attacks of 

 animals. The Cinchona plants belong to the various 

 species of genus Cinchona, and the Coffee plant is 

 Coffea arabica. Myrmecodia armata has been noticed 

 by Sir J. D. Hooker as an interesting subject of study 

 in respect of its relation to ants, which inhabit its 

 tubers; the tuber, which is depressed at the top, irre- 

 gularly grooved, and studded with spinules disposed 

 in longitudinal lines, is excavated by ants. 



The flowers are often rendered conspicuous by 

 being associated in crowded racemose or corymbose 

 inflorescences. Ixora secrete nectar at the bottom 

 of the long corolla-tube, so as to be accessible to 

 long-tongued butterflies only. There are several 

 dimorphic species in this family, some of which have 

 been mentioned above. 



Nat. Order 2. Caprifoliacece. — Mainly inhabitants 

 of the temperate zone, with leaves without stipules, 

 and inferior trilocular ovary, of very little importance 

 in Indian Botany. Lonicera ligustrina is a shrub of 

 the Khasi Hills, with flowers in pairs having connate 

 ovaries. 



Nat. Order 3. Valerianacece. — Mostly inhabitants of 



