GYMNOSPERMIA 309 



surface of it 2 ovules (0) (macrosporangia). Each of 

 the latter scales is looked upon as an open carpellary 



c.- 



—a.-. 



Figf. 378. — Saral-gacch or Khasia Pine (Pimts JOiasya) 

 a. Bract scale, c, Cone, cl, Ovuliferous scale or carpellary leat. o, Ovule, 



leaf or carpel (a female flower) arising in the axil of 



the bract-scale. From this point of view each female 



spike or cone is an inflorescence with 



many female flowers or carpellary 



leaves, each situated in the axil of a 



bract. 



From another point of view the whole 

 female spike or cone is looked upon as 

 a single achlamydeous female flower 

 with many carpels, tlie ovuliferous 

 scales being looked upon as placental 

 outgrowths from the bract-scales, and 

 the bract-scales, according to this view, are the car- 

 pels or carpellary leaves, and not bracts. 



f. 279. — Staminal 

 Scale of Pine 



