THE CARBOXIFEROUS FWRA. 



123 



late branchlets, or on the lover part of the stem the 



marks of the attachmeot of the roots. The Catamites 



grew in dense dumps, budding off from one another, 



sometimes at different lerels, as the mnd or sand accnma- 



lated about their stems, and in some 



species there were creeping rhizomata 11 i 



or root-stocks (Figs. 46 to 49). | | 



But all Calamites were not alike 

 in structure. In a recent paper* 



ne. 46. 



A, C. Smdxrn. b, 

 C. Otta. (From 

 "Acadian Geido- 



gy") 



Fi6. 4?.— Erect Oala- 

 ■•*(«, with roots at- 

 tadhed ^Sova Sco- 

 tia). 



Fig. 48.— Node of C. 

 CUh, with kng 

 leaves (Nova Seo- 

 tU). 



Dr. Williamson describes three distinct structural types. 

 What he i^azds as typical Calamites has in its woody 

 zone wedges of barred Tessels, with thick bands of cel- 

 lular tissue separating them. A second type, which 



* " Msnoiis of the FMIosophiGml Sotxtj," Mandiester, 18a&-'87. 



