132 



THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



On the stems so constructed were placed long and 

 often broad many-nerved leaves, with rows of stomata or 

 breathing-pores, and attached by somewhat broad bases 

 to the stem and branches. The fruit consisted of racemes, 

 or clusters of nutlets, which seem to have been provided 



Fig. 59. — Fruits of Cordaites and Taxine Conifers (coal-formation. Nova 

 Scotia.J A, Antholithes squamosus (two thirds), b, A. rhabdoearpi 

 (two tnirds). b', Carpel restored, o, A. spinosus (natural size). 

 D, Trigonocarpum intermedium, e, T. Nceggerathii. r, T. avella- 

 num, G, Ehahdocarpus insignie, reduced. Hj Antholithes pygmmie. 

 I, Cardiocarpwm Jhiiians. k, Cardiocarpum bisectum. i, Sporangitea 

 papiLlaia, lycopodlaceous macrospores (natural size and magnified). ^ 



