212 OPENING OF THE PASSAGE TO THE INTERIOR OF THE FLOWER. 



be readily followed, and lasts barely two minutes. Still more rapid is the opening 

 of the Evening Primrose {(Enothera grandiflora). The petals spring apart quite 

 suddenly and stretch themselves out within half a minute. If ever the term 

 "bursting open" applies to a flower-bud, it does so here. In several tropical 

 Orchids, also, the parts separate quickly enough for the - movements to be readily 

 visible. Thus, in the beautiful Stanhopea tigrina, the whole process only occupies 

 three minutes. It is worth mentioning, that during the opening of this flower, a 

 distinct noise is heard, not unlike the report caused by the bursting of the inflated 

 calyx of the Bladder-campion. 



There are flowers which open so early in the morning that they greet the first 

 rays of the rising sun with fully expanded corollas. That common garden chmber, 

 Ipomoea pwrpurea, opens its buds at 4 a.m. Wild Roses, also, open between 4 and 

 5 a.m. Between 5 and 6 many species of Flax {Linvrni perenne and Austriacum) 

 open. Between 6 and 7, Willow-herbs (Epilobium angustifoUum and collinum), 

 between 7 and 8, Convolvulus' arvensis and tricolor. Between 8 and 9, many 

 Gentians, Speedwells, and Wood-sorrels, and the frequently-cultivated Himalayan 

 Cinquefoil (P.otentilla atrosanguinea). Between 9 and 10 most Tulips and O^untias 

 open; between 10 and 11, the Centaury {Eryihrma) and Chaffweed (Centunculus). 

 Between 11 and 12, Potentilla recta. From noon till evening comes a long interval. 

 No plant is knovm in our latitude which, under ordinary circumstances, opens 

 during the afternoon. Towards sunset, however, it recommences. About 6 p.m. 

 the Honeysuckle opens, shortly followed by the Evening Primrose and Campion. 

 Between 7 and 8 p.m. Hesperis matronalis and tristis, the Marvel of -Peru {Mira- 

 bilis Jalapa), a few Catchflies (Silene noctiflora a.Ta.dvespertina) and several Thorn- 

 apples {Datura Stramonium). Between 8 and 9 more Catchflies (Silene longiflora, 

 Saxifraga, Vallesia), a Woodrufl" (Asperula glomerata), and a species of Tobacco 

 {Nicotiana affinis). Between 9 and 10, the Queen of the Night (Gereus nycticalus, 

 represented on Plate VII. opposite page 642, vol. i.) opens. 



As it is with the commencement, so is it with the end of flowering; each happens 

 at a definite time, and every flower endures for a determinate period. Flowers 

 which are only open for a single day are termed ephemeral flowers. The annexed 

 table shows the hours of opening and closing of a series of ephemeral flowers. 



Name of Plant. 



Allionia violacea 



Roemeria violacea 



Cistus CrelicMS 



Tradescantia Virginica. 



Iris arenaria 



Hemerocallis fulva 



Convolvulus tricolor 



Oxalis striata 



Hihisous Trionum 



Erodium Cicutarium 



Opens at 



3-4 A.M. 



4-5 „ 



5-6 „ 



5-6 „ 



6-7 „ 



6-7 „ 



7-8 „ 



8-9 „ 



8-9 „ 



8-9 „ 



Closes at 



11-12 A.M. 



10-11 „ 

 5-6 P.M. 



4^5 „ 



3-4 „ 



8-9 „ 



5-6 „ 



3-4 „ 



11-12 A.M. 



4-5 P.M. 



Name os Plant. 



Portulaca grandiflora. . . 

 Calandrinia compressa ... 



Drosera longifoUa 



Arenaria rubra... 



Portulaca oleracea 



Spergula arvensis 



Sisyrinchium anceps 



Miirahilis longiflora 



Cereus grandifl,orus 



CereVyS nycticalus 



Opens at 



8-9 A.M. 



9-10 „ 



9-10 „ 



10-11 „ 



10-11 „ 



10-11 „ 



11-12 „ 



7- 



8-9 



9-10 



P.m. 



6-7 P.m. 



1-2 „ 



2-3 „ 



3-4 „ 



3-4 „ 



3-4 „ 



4-5 „ 



2-3 A.M. 



2-3 „ 

 2-3 „ 



