226 RECEPTION OF FLOWER-SEEKING ANIMALS AT THE FLOWER. 



resembles a sugar-scoop; in the Brazilian Aristolochia labiosa (fig. 257 «), there is 

 a broad heart-shaped expansion in front of the narrow entrance to the flower; m 

 Aristolochia cordata (fig. 257^) there is an elongated, flagelliform perch for the 

 flies; whilst in our own Aristolochia Glenuxtitis (figs. 257 ^ and 257 «) there is a 

 slightly excavated lip on which the midges can alight before entering the flower. 



A multifarious variety of arrangements is met with in the perianths of Orchids 

 and in the corollas of bi-labiate flowers for promoting access to the flowers. There 



Fig. 257.— Arrangements for the reception of Insects at the entrance to the Flower. 



Vero7iica Ckamcedrys. 2 Ophrys cornuta. 8 Corydalis lutea, from the front. * The same, from the side. 5 Qaleopsis 

 grandijiora, '^Aristolochia labiosa. ^ Aristolochia cordata. ^Aristolochia Clematitis; the lowermost flower is faded 

 and has bent down, its lip is folded over the entrance to the flower, s Longitudinal section of a flower of Aristolochia 

 Clematitis; within the enlarged cavity of the flower are two midges (Ceratopogon) temporarily imprisoned by the reversed 

 hairs of the tube, 10 Flower of JEpipogium aphyllum. n Pollinia of Epipogium. 12 Column of Epipogiuin showing the 

 small heart-shaped rostellum. 18 Shows the pollinia of Epipogium attached by their sticky rostellum to a pencil, in 

 process of withdrawal. 9, n, 12^ is somewhat enlarged ; the other figures natural size. 



are all sorts of lobmgs and sinuseS; fringes, pegs, and knobs on the lower lip which 

 serve as landing-stages for alighting and as fulcrums for further explorations to 

 numerous flies, wasps, bees, humble-bees, and butterflies. In the noble Orchid 

 Phalcenopsis Schilleriana (cf. fig. 258^) the smooth and complex labellum has a 

 little projection not far from its point of attachment which resembles, and indeed 

 serves, as a footstool to the visiting flies. Behind the footstool is the column, the 

 apex of which is occupied by the anther, and whose lower portion is excavated into 



