APPENDIX A 319 



the individual now under consideration. As already mentioned, these 

 three bones are all different in the shape and proportions of the hinder 

 bifurcated end. They are all very fresh in appearance, but have been 

 stained reddish-brown by the earth in which they must have been buried. 

 The hinder portion of the second skull already mentioned (No. 2) 

 comprises the occiput and brain-case as far forward as the front of the 

 cerebral hemispheres. It is much battered and broken, and in quite as 

 fresh a state as the cranium already described, with a considerable invest- 

 ment of dried soft parts on its base. It is only very slightly smaller than 

 No. I, but is of interest as exhibiting some of the sutures, besides a 

 roundness and smoothness indicative of immaturity. The supraoccipital 

 is shown to be very large ; a small median point of it enters the foramen 

 magnum, while the suture separating it from the parietals and squamosals 

 extends along the rounded lambdoidal ridge. The horizontally extended 

 suture between the squamosal and parietal on the inner wall of the 

 temporal fossa is seen in the position where Owen determined it to occur 

 in Mylodon* Both tympanies are preserved, but they are more obscured 

 by soft parts than in No. i. 



To this cranium probably belongs a detached portion of the left side 

 of the facial region (No. 5), in a similar state of preservation and 

 slightly smaller than the maxilla (No. 4). The suture between the 

 frontal and the maxilla still persists, while the oral border is preserved 

 farther forward than in the last-mentioned specimen, showing a fragment 

 of the much-reduced premaxilla united with the maxilla by a jagged 

 suture. 



The third imperfect occiput is about as large as the immature 

 specimen No. 2, but does not exhibit any features worthy of special 

 note. 



The largest and most important portions of the mandible are Nos. 9 

 and 1 1, which evidently belong to the right and left rami of one and the 

 same jaw. They are much broken and are in the same fresh con- 

 dition as the skulls, with traces of the periosteum and even considerable 

 portions of the soft parts of the gum. The right ramus is preserved 

 sufficiently far forwards to show that there was no caniniform tooth in 

 front of the series of four ordinary molars." Judging by the extent of 

 the latter series, the specimen probably belongs to the same individual as 

 the skull No. i. 



Another portion of a mandibular ramus (No. 10) of the left side is 

 slightly smaller than the last and may well have belonged to the immature 

 individual No. 2. It is similarly quite fresh in appearance, and bears 

 the shrivelled remains of the gum. It is interesting as exhibiting the 



* R. Owen, " Description of the Skeleton of an Extinct Gigantic Sloth, Mylodon 

 robustas, Owen" (1842), p. 18. 



