APPENDIX A 327 



the right femur and enables direct comparison to be made. The 

 fragment lacks the inner condyle ; but enough of the trochlea remains 

 to show its broad and gently-rounded form, with a wide and deep 

 intertrochlear notch, precisely as in Arctotherium. It has the same 

 development of the external condyle as in the latter, while the fossa for 

 the popliteal tendon is equally deep, only slightly differing in shape. In 

 fact, there is very little discrepancy, except in its smaller size ; and species 

 ol Arctotherium smaller than A. bonaerense are already known both from 

 the Pampa formation of Argentina* and the caverns of Brazil. f 



The fragment just described has evidently been severed from the rest 

 of the bone by a sharp, clean cut made by man ; and Dr. Hauthal is 

 quite certain that this was not done by one of his workmen during 

 excavation {pp. cit. p. 59). At least one medium-sized species of 

 Arctotherium must therefore have survived until the human period in 

 Southern Patagonia.J 



Onohippidium saldiasi. 



A horse is represented in the collection by an upper molar, a frag- 

 ment of premaxilla with two incisors, an imperfect atlas and two well- 

 preserved hoofs apparently of a foetus or perhaps of a newly-born animal. 

 Of these remains only the upper molar is capable of satisfactory deter- 

 mination. 



This tooth is the second upper molar of the left side, and has been 

 exhaustively compared with corresponding teeth by Dr. Roth, who gives 

 a good series of figures. It is readily distinguished from the homologous 

 molar in the genus Equus by the peculiar form of its two inner columns 

 — a fact which I have been able to verify by the examination of an 

 extensive series of specimens, both recent and fossil, in the British 

 Museum. Further comparison, indeed, shows that it must be referred to 

 the extinct Pampean genus Onohippidium. %^ Dr. Roth assigns it, appa- 

 rently quite rightly, to the same species as a maxilla from the Pampean 

 formation of the Province of Buenos Aires, for which he proposes the 

 name of Onohippidium saldiasi. 



* F. Ameghino, op. cit. (1889), p. 317. 



t H. Winge, " Jordfundne og nulevende Rovdyr (Carnivora) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas 

 Geraes, Brasilien " (E. Museo Lundii, 1895), p. 31. 



I Dr. Moreno has lately received reports of bear-like tracks in remote parts of the 

 Cordillera, which he thinks may imply that a species of Arctotherium still Uves in 

 Patagonia. 



§ F. P. Moreno, " Revista Mus. La Plata," vol. ii. (1891), p. 56, R. Lydekker, 

 " Anales Mus. La Plata — Paleont. Argentina," vol. ii. pt. 3 (1893), p. 77, pi. xxix. 



