186 MENDELISM 
itself in the visible character of the grain produced 
from it. 
The following result was actually obtained in this 
way : 
Smooth yellow grains 2,869, or 25°3 per cent. 
Smooth white grains 2,933, or 25°7 5 
Wrinkled yellow grains 2,798, or 24°5 yy 
Wrinkled white grains 2,803, or 24°54, 
Thus we see that a nearly equal number of the germ 
cells of the double heterozygote bears each of the four 
possible combinations of characters—that is to say, it 
is an even chance whether a particular gamete, which 
bears the allelomorph yellowness, bears also smoothness 
or wrinkledness. In other words, the two pairs of 
allelomorphs segregate in entire independence the one 
of the other. It is particularly to be noticed that we 
arrive in this way at two perfectly new combinations 
of characters, which were not shown by the original 
parent strains. We have synthesized two new sorts 
of maize with smooth white and wrinkled yellow grains 
respectively. In a precisely similar way, if the cross 
is made between strains of which the grains are re- 
spectively smooth white and wrinkled yellow, we 
should obtain in F, the new combinations smooth 
yellow and wrinkled white. 
The result obtained on self-fertilizing the hybrid 
plant is somewhat more complicated. 
If we write A for yellowness, a for whiteness, B for 
smoothness, and 6 for wrinkledness as before, AB x ab 
gives the heterozygote ABab. Equal numbers of the 
germ cells of the heterozygote will be of the composi- 
tions AB, Ab, aB, and ab. 
