SPERMATOGENESIS— INSEMINATION 175 



of being in heat ; the external parts of generation were tumid, and a 

 thin stream of blood flowed from them. On the twenty-third day 

 she seemed fit for the admission of the male, and I attempted to 

 fecundate her artificially in the following manner. A young dog of 

 the same breed, furnished me, by a spontaneous emission, with 

 nineteen grains of seed, which were immediately injected into the 

 matrix, by means of a small^ syringe introduced into the vagina. As 

 the natural heat of the seed of animals of warm blood may be a 

 condition necessary to render fecundation efficacious, I had taken 

 care to give the syringe the degree of heat which man and dogs are 

 found to possess, which is about 30° [or between 99° and 100° ¥.]. 

 Two days after the injection, the bitch went off her heat, and in 

 twenty days her belly appeared swollen, which induced me to set 

 her at liberty on the twenty-sixth. Meaiiwhile the swelling of the 

 belly increased ; and sixty-two days after the injection of the seed, 

 the bitch brought forth three lively whelps, two male and one 

 female, resembling in colour and shape not the bitch only, but the 

 dog also from which the seed had been taken. Thus did I succeed 

 in fecundating this quadruped ; and , I can truly say, that I never 

 received greater pleasure upon any occasion, since I first cultivated 

 experimental philosophy." 



Spallanzani also records a similar experiment by Pierre Eossi, in 

 which a dog was impregnated by artificial means. 



Considerable success has been obtained in recent years in experi- 

 ments on the artificial insemination of dogs. Gautier ^ refers to a 

 case in which pregnancy was induced by this means. Albrecht ^ and 

 Plonnis ^ have also described experiments in which they successfully 

 inseminated dogs by artificial methods (see p. 649). Heape* has 

 recorded a series of experiments carried out by Sir Everett Millais 

 on the artificial insemination of Basset hounds. The present writer 

 has succeeded in inducing pregnancy by this method in a Dandie 

 Dinmont terrier. Moreover, there are numerous cases on record in 

 which dogs have been successfully inseminated artificially as a means 

 of overcoming certain forms of barrenness (see p. 649). The method 

 adopted in all these experiments was substantially the same as that 

 employed by Spallanzani. 



Artificial insemination is now also practised on mares, donkeys, 

 and cows, and usually with the object of remedying sterility. In 

 thoroughbred mares especially it has proved of great service, having 



1 Gautier, loc. ait. 



2 Albrecht, " Kunstliohe Befruchtung,'' ^^'oohensohr. f. Thierheilkunde und 

 Viehzucht, Jahrg, xxxix. 



^ Plonnis, " Kiinstliche Befruchtung einer Hiinden, etc.," iTiaug.- Dissert., 

 Eostock, 1876. 



* Heape, loc. cit. 



