THE TESTICLE AND THE OVARY 391 



did not observe any niarked tendency to deposition of fat in the 

 castrated rats. 



Furthermore, it is to be noted that, according to Magnus-Levy 

 and Falk,^ the period of puberty in boys and girls is not associated 

 with any increase in tlie gaseous metabolism. 



Murlin and Bailey,^ however, obtained results upholding those of 

 Loewy. and Richter so far as the reduction in metabolism after 

 castration is concerned. Ovariotomy in dogs was followed by an 

 increase in weight and an average lowering of the metabolism of 

 about twelve per cent. The animals were fed on a constant diet 

 of meat, cracker meal, and lard. The metabolism was estimated by 

 an indirect method, using Murlin's constant temperature respiration 

 incubator and weighing the oxygen entering and the carbon dioxide 

 and water leaving the box. A sample of the residual air of the 

 cage was also weighed at the end of each period. The urine was 

 analysed for nitrogen and the amount included in the result. 



Moreover, Kojima ^ states that twenty-two and forty-eight days 

 after castration in rats the animals showed a marked diminution in 

 CO2 output. The appetite and weight increased. 



Certain further experiments upon the effects of administering 

 ovarian extract may also be referred to here. Neumann and Vas * 

 record, losses of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and calcium monoxide 

 after injecting glycerine extract of ovary subcutaneously. Loewy^ and 

 Neumann found no change in the nitrogen metabolism in castrated 

 animals after administering ovarian extracts, but Neumann observed 

 a loss of phosphorus pentoxide and calcium monoxide in the faeces. 

 Sack ^ found that injection of corpus luteum extract produced a 

 nitrogen retention in the female, but not in the male, thereby con- 

 firming the. view that the corpus luteum must act on the uterus, or 

 mammary gland, or both. Certain other less satisfactory experiments, 

 dealing with more or less contradictory observations, are briefly 

 referred to by von Noorden. 



Mackenzie Wallis and Everard Williams^ have recently carried out 

 wbat appears to be a very important investigation upon the corpus 



1 Magnus-Levy and Falk, " Lungengasweohsel des Menschen," Arch. f. 

 Physiol., Supplement, 1899. 



2 Murlin and Bailey, " Belation of the iSex Glands to Metabolism," Surg., 

 Gyii. and Obstet., vol. xxv., 1917. 



^Kojima, "Studies on the Endocrine Glands," V., Quar. Jour. Exp. Physiol., 

 vol. xi., 1917. . ' 



* Neumann and Vas, " Einfluss der Ovariumpraparate auf den Stoffweohsel," 

 Monatsschr. f. Qeburtsh. u. Oynah., vol. xv., 1902. 



^ Loewy, " Ueber den Einfluss des Oophorins," Berl. hlin. Wochenschr., 1899. 



^ Sack," Ueber den Einfluss von Corpus Luteum und Hypophyse auf den 

 Stoffwechsel," Arch. fiir. Exp. Path, und Pharm., vol. Ixx., 1912. 



' Wallis and Williams, "An Experimental Investigation upon the Corpus 

 Luteum in Relation to the Toxaemias of Pregnancy," Lancet, vol. ccii., 

 (22nd April) 1922. 



